- •Introduction
- •Contents
- •Addition, equation, and conclusion
- •Changes
- •Comparing and Contrasting
- •Condition and requirement
- •Confusing words and false friends
- •Idioms and colloquialisms 1
- •Idioms and colloquialisms 2
- •Idioms and colloquialisms 3
- •Idioms and colloquialisms 4
- •Metaphor
- •Numbers and symbols
- •Obligation and option
- •Opinion, attitude, and belief
- •Opposites: Verbs
- •Opposites: Adjectives
- •Phrasal Verbs 1
- •Phrasal Verbs 2
- •Phrasal Verbs 3
- •Prefixes
- •Presenting an argument
- •Pronouns and determiners
- •Similar meanings: Adjectives 1
- •Similar meanings: Adjectives 2
- •Similar meanings: Nouns
- •Similar meanings: Verbs 1
- •Similar meanings: Verbs 2
- •Spelling
- •Starting and stopping
- •Task commands
- •Time
- •Word association: Adjectives
- •Word association: Nouns
- •Word association: Verbs
- •Word forms: Nouns from verbs
- •Word forms: Nouns from adjectives
- •Word forms: Adjectives from verbs
- •Mini topics
- •Vocabulary record sheet
- •Vocabulary record sheet sample
Word forms: Nouns from verbs
Exercise 1
The verbs in the top box can all be made into nouns by removing and / or adding letters. Decide on the noun form of each verb, and then write it (in its noun form) in the appropriate section of the table, depending on the changes that are made to it. There are five words for each section of the table, and there are 10 words that do not fit into any section of the table.
consume |
negotiate |
provide |
expose |
choose supervise qualify admire |
persuade |
||||||
fail |
sign |
argue |
permit |
refuse |
apply |
solve |
emphasize |
subscribe |
|
disturb |
|
scrutinize |
attend |
prove |
expect |
identify |
require |
coincide |
criticize |
recognize |
|||
warn survive acquire |
assure |
intervene |
abolish arrive |
manage |
expand |
||||||
lose |
recommend |
maintain determine rehearse |
respond |
suggest |
prohibit |
||||||
consult |
decide notify relax |
produce prefer imply behave compete |
promote |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Remove 2 letters, then add 4 |
|
(Example: conclude conclude conclusion) |
|
|
|||||||
letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Remove 1 letter, then add 7 |
|
(Example: verify verify verification) |
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||
letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Remove 1 letter, then add 5 |
|
(Example: examine examine examination) |
|
|
|||||||
letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Remove 1 letter, then add 4 |
|
(Example: reduce reduce reduction) |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||
letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Remove 1 letter, then add 3 |
|
(Example: concentrate concentrate concentration) |
|||||||||
|
|||||||||||
letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Remove 1 letter, then add 2 |
|
(Example: disperse disperse dispersal) |
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||
letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vocabulary General
75
General Vocabulary
Add 3 letters: |
(Example: depart departure) |
|
|
Add 4 letters: |
Example: improve improvement) |
|
|
Add 5 letters: |
(Example: confirm confirmation) |
|
|
Exercise 2
Now take the verbs from the box that did not fit into any of the sections above, change them into nouns and write them in the grid below (in the same order that they appear in the box). If you do this correctly, you will reveal a word in the shaded vertical strip that can be a verb and a noun without changing its form.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Now try using some of the words from this exercise in sentences of your own.
76
Word forms: Nouns from adjectives
Exercise 1
Change the adjective in bold in each of these sentences to a noun so that the word is grammatically correct in the sentence.
1.Items of valuable can be left in the safe at reception.
2.Money cannot make up for bad tasteful and bad manners.
3.Do you have a thirsty for knowledge? Then why not enroll on one of our evening college courses?
4.It is often said that “honest is the best policy”.
5 It can often be lack of confident that prevents a student from maximizing his or her potential.
6.Many people heading off to college for the first time are often unaware of the expensive involved in simple day-to-day life.
7.Student discounts are offered on most products and services on our website, although some restricted apply.
8.There were a few similar between the Boeing 727 and the Tupolev 154, but these were mainly cosmetic.
9.The Director of Studies is unable to say with any certain when the new changes will be implemented.
10.Unnecessary absent from work is costing American companies millions of dollars a year.
11.Please complete the form and return it at your earliest convenient.
12.The student union has questioned the necessary of CCTV in the library, but the management insists it is necessary in order to reduce petty theft.
13.Despite a relaxed of regulations, many feel that they are under too much pressure to conform to a set out outdated rules.
14.Sometimes in business, rules have to be changed according to needs: flexible is the key to success.
15.Health and safe issues should be a priority with any organization.
16.The management accepts no responsible for items lost or stolen in the cafeteria and immediate area.
17.In advertising, accurate is very important when it comes to identifying the target market.
18.The legal professional is often criticized for concentrating on making money instead of upholding the law.
19.There were several unforeseen complicated with the new airport extension owing to opposition from environmental groups.
Vocabulary General
77
Vocabulary |
|
|
|
20. |
Do you know the different between net profit and gross profit? Is overtime the same as allowed |
||
|
|||
|
|
time? If you answered “no” to the first and “yes” to the second, it's time you joined our “Business |
|
General |
|
for Basics” course! |
|
23. |
The U.S. constitutional guarantees freedom of the press. |
||
|
21. |
His success and popularity were probably due in part to his wonderful charismatic. |
|
|
22. |
There is a growing problem of drug addicted in our cities. |
|
|
24. |
As soon as the investigative is complete, we can make a decision. |
|
|
25. |
There can be no justified for paying health workers so little money. |
|
|
26. |
By the time he was thirty, he was no longer able to differentiate between fantasy and real. |
Exercise 2
Change the adjectives in the box into nouns following the instructions in the table. Each instruction relates to 3 of the adjectives in the box.
able |
aggressive appreciative |
available |
aware |
bored |
comfortable |
compatible |
confused |
||||||
considerate |
convenient |
creative |
|
deep familiar |
fashionable |
functional |
high |
hot |
logical |
||||
long |
loyal |
mature |
optimistic |
|
optional |
pessimistic |
popular |
punctual |
realistic |
secure |
|||
|
|
serious strong |
|
sufficient |
systematic |
true warm |
weak |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Remove 4 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Remove 3 letters, then add 5 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Remove 3 letters, then add 1 letter: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Remove 2 letters, then add 5 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Remove 2 letters, then add 3 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Remove 2 letters, then add 2 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Remove 2 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Remove 1 letter, then add 3 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Remove 1 letter, then add 2 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add 2 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add 3 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add 4 letters: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Try to use some of the words above in some of your own sentences.
78