Notes to the text:

1) on the one hand – с одной стороны

2) on the other hand – с другой стороны

3) to look like – походить на

4) people could not help repeating – люди не могли не повторять

5) to carry away – уносить

6) to pull away – оттягивать

7) to come down – переходить по традиции; приходить

8) according to – согласно, в соответствии

9) because of – из-за, вследствие

10) to carry out experiments – проводить эксперименты

11) to take great interest – проявить большой интерес

12) is familiar with – знаком с

13) in a disorderly way – беспорядочно

14) in an orderly way – правильно, организованно

15) a bar magnet – полосовой (стержневой) магнит

16) iron bar – железный, стальной стержень, полоса, брус(ок)

Assignment 5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the verbs.

1) Protecting buildings from lightning strokes was a great achievement in the field of electricity.

2) Speaking of the magnet, the inventor made reference to its property of attracting iron and steel.

3) Experiments showing the changes in substances are very important for industry.

4) Soviet people constructed many hydroelectric stations, the one on the Angara being one of the largest.

5) The teacher is against our translating such an easy text with a dictionary.

6) In studying magnetism we cannot help observing the relation between magnetism and the electric current.

7) Having invented the lightning conductor, Franklin continued working at the problem of atmospheric electricity.

8) Having experimented with electricity and magnetism, Gilbert wrote a book on magnetism.

9) Gilbert greatly contributed to the study of magnetism, Galileo taking great interest in Gilbert’s achievements.

10) The atoms of different substances have different weights, their properties being also different.

Assignment 6. Translate the following questions and answer them:

1) Существует ли связь между электричеством и магнетизмом?

2) Знаете ли вы, кто открыл магнетизм?

3) Что вы знаете об атмосферном электричестве?

4) Кто доказал, что наша Земля является большим магнитом?

5) Что вы знаете о магнетизме?

6) Каковы свойства магнита?

7) Кто создал первый телескоп в мире?

8) Какие опыты проводил Франклин?

Assignment 7. Make up a story of Franklin’s kite experiment using the following sentences and sentences of your own (our sentences are given in a disorderly way):

1) The key was connected to the lower end of the string.

2) The story about Franklin’s famous kite is known all over the world.

3) They took some necessary things such as: a kite with a long string, a key and so on.

4) It was proved that lightning is a discharge of electricity.

5) It was a stormy day.

6) The electricity was conducted from the clouds down the string to the key.

7) The kite was flying high among the clouds.

8) The rain wetted the string.

9) Atmospheric electricity greatly interested Franklin.

10) The rain fell.

Assignment 8. Define what parts of speech these words are:

application; ability; continuous; use; important; numerous; civilization, electric; familiar; reader; widely; useful; powerful; property; arrangement.

Assignment 9. Use the following expressions in sentences of your own:

all over the world; as well as; in this connection; in the form of; needless to say; to pay attention to.

Assignment 10. Put two questions to each paragraph of the text and answer them.

Assignment 11. Speak on magnetism.

Assignment 12. Compare:

1) A generator and a motor.

2) Potential energy and kinetic energy.

3) Chemical energy and mechanical energy/

4) Nuclear power station and steam power station.

UNIT SEVEN

Assignment 1. Remember the following words and word-combinations:

force to make up knowledge effect to destroy following glass to rub amber to obtain size to possess in spite of famous research minute various to mean conversation

сила составлять, пополнять знание эффект, действие разрушать, уничтожать следующий стекло тереть, натирать янтарь получать размер обладать несмотря на известный исследование мелкий, мельчайший различный значить, означать разговор, беседа

Assignment 2. Practice the pronunciation of the following words:

2500 yeas ago, phenomenon (phenomena), knowledge, effect, consideration, power, dangerous, houses, earth, amber, so-called, to possess, to observe, observation, due to, neither … nor, during, scientist, to make use of, such as, refrigerator, radio, period, to contribute, scientific research, among, philosopher, era, minute, process, above-mentioned, physicist, Europe, conversation, to engage.

Assignment 3. Translate the words, their derivatives into Russian and learn them.

to consider – consideration – considerable; to contribute – contribution – contributor; danger – dangerous; to effect – effect – effective – effectless; to follow – following – follower; to generate – generation – regeneration – generator; to know – knowledge; to mean – meaning – meaningful – meaningless; to observe – observation – observable – observer; to operate – operation – operating – operative – operator; to power – power – powerful – powerless; science – scientist – scientific – scientifically; system – systematic – systematize.

Assignment 4. Translate the groups of words and remember them:

a) famous mathematician, to generate electric energy, due to various applications, in spite of difficulties, the example under consideration, to attract light objects, needless to say, electrically operated devices, to make a contribution.

b) несмотря на большие достижения, известные наблюдения, различные установки, на самом деле, по крайней мере, вообще говоря, более или менее, вышеупомянутые явления, в действитель­ности, обходиться без чего-либо, заниматься чем-либо.

Assignment 5. Read and translate the text: