Тесты Гиста
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ɋɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɦɨɱɢ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɚɡɨɬɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ |
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ɛ ɤɫɟɧɨɛɢɨɬɢɤɢ |
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ɜ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ |
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ɝ ɬɨɤɫɢɧɵ |
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ɞ ɜɨɞɚ |
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ɟ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɧɨ |
9. |
ɗɧɞɨɤɪɢɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɱɟɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ |
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ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚ ɪɟɧɢɧɚ |
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ɚ |
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ɛ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɩɨɷɬɢɧɚ |
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ɜ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɝɟɧɢɧɚ |
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ɝ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɝɥɚɧɞɢɧɨɜ |
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ɞ ɛɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɜ |
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ɟ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚD3 ɤɚɥɶɰɢɬɪɨɥ |
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ɠ ɤɚɥɥɢɤɪɟɢɧɚ |
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ɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɥɟɣɤɢɧɨɜ |
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ɢ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟ |
ɨɟ ɜɟɪ |
ɨ |
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10. Ʉɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɱɟɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ |
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ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɧ |
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ɚ ɭɪ |
ɨ |
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ɪɢɧɨɥɢɡɚ |
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ɤɢɧɚɡɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɮɢ |
ɢ |
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ɛ ɮɚɤɬɬɨɪɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɨɦ ɨɰɢɬɨɜ |
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ɜ ɮɚɤɬɬɨɪɚ Ʉɚɫɬɛɥɚ |
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ɫ |
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11. ɋɬ ɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɤ ɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɱɤɢ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɚ ɩɚɪɟɧɯɢɦɚɬ ɡɧɵɣ ɡ ɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ |
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ɉ |
ɛ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɚ ɩɥɨɬɧɚɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢ ɬɚɹɫɨɟɞ ɧ ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɬɤɚɧɶ |
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ɪ |
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ɜ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ ɫɟɪɨɡɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ |
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ɝɩɨɤɤɪɵɬɚɚɞɜɟɧɬɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ |
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ɪɞ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɨɪɝɚɧɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɩɬɵ ɵɯɥɚɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɚɹ ɧɟɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɚɹ |
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ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶ |
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ɟ |
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ɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɨɝɨcortexɢɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚmedulla) |
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ɠ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ Ȼ ɪɬɢɧɢ ɢ ɦɨɡɝɝɨɜɵɟ ɥɭɱɢ Ɏɟɪɪɟɣɧɚ |
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ɜ |
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ɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɫɬɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɤɚɧɶɶ |
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12. Ʉɨɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬ ɨ ɩɨɱɤɢ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɜ ɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɛ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɦɨɡɝɨ ɵɦɢ ɥɭɱɚɦɢ Ɏɟɪɪɟɣɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɢ ȻȻɟɪɬɢɧɢ ɞ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵ ɟ ɨɬɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵ
101
13. Ɇɨɡɝɨɜɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɱɤɢ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɛ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɜ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɥɭɱɚɦɢ Ɏɟɪɪɟɣɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɚɦɢ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɨɫɨɱɤɢ ɞ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɚɥɵɦɢ ɱɚɲɟɱɤɚɦɢ ɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɱɚɲɟɱɤɚɦɢ
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14. Ʉɨɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɨɟ ɬɟɥɶɰɟ Ɇɚɥɶɩɢɝɢ |
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ɚ |
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ɛ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ |
ɹ |
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ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɤ ɧ ɥɶɰɵ |
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ɝ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɤ ɧ ɥɶɰɵ |
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ɧ |
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ɞ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɤ ɧ ɥɶɰɵ |
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ɟ ɩɟɬɥɹ Ƚɟɧɥɟ |
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ɠ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶ ɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɱɤɢ |
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15. Ʉɨɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɛ |
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ɹ |
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ɪ |
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ɢ |
ɉ |
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ɝ ɫɪɟɡɵ ɩɟɬɟɥɶ Ƚɟɧɥɟ |
ɪ |
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ɞ ɫɪɟɡɵ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɱɟɤ ɟ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵɵ
18. Ɇɨɡɝɨɜɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɚ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɨɟ ɬɟɥɶɰɟ Ɇɚɥɶɩɢɝɢ ɛ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ ɝ ɩɟɬɥɹ Ƚɟɧɥɟ ɞ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ ɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ ɠ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɱɤɢ
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19. |
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟɣ ɩɨɱɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ |
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ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ |
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ɛ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ |
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ɜ ɧɟɮɪɨɧ |
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20. |
ȼɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ |
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ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
ɹ |
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ɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢ ɩɨɱɟɤ |
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ɛ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ |
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ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɟɣ |
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ɚ |
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ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ |
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ɸɤɫɬɚɦɟɞɭɥɥɹɪɧɵɯ |
ɧ |
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ɝ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɷɧɞɨɤɪɢɧɧɨɝɨ |
ɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ |
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ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɨɬɪ ɠ ɸɳ ɹɫɹ ɜɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɱɟɤ |
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ɞ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪ ɨ |
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21. |
ɇɟɮɪɨɧ– ɷɬɨ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ ɚɥɶ ɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɱɤɢ |
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ɛ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ |
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ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɦɨɱɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ |
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22. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ ɜɵ |
ɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɹ |
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ɚ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɨɟ ɬɟɥɶɰɛɟɆɚɥɶɩɢɝɢ |
ɫ |
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Ȼɨɭɦɟɧɚ |
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ɛ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɚ ɒɭɦɥɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ– |
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ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ |
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ɝ ɬɨɧɤɢɣɨɬɞɟɥ |
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ɉ |
ɞ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ |
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ɟ |
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ɟ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɱɤɢ |
ɪ |
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23. ɇɟɮɪɨɧɵ ɩɨɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚ ɩɨɞɤɚɩɫɭɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ɛ ɦɟɠɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ɜ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɵɟ |
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ɝ ɸɤɫɬɚɦɟɞɭɥɥɹɪɧɵ |
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ɜ |
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ɞ ɸɤɫɬɚɤɚɥɥɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ |
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24. Ɇɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɦɦ ɛ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɯ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɤɦ ɜ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɇɦ ɞɨ ɦɤɦ ɝ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ– ɦɥɧ. ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɨɱɤɟ ɞ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɧɨ
103
25.Ʉɨɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɵ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ
ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ
ɚ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɨɟ ɬɟɥɶɰɟ
ɛ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ
ɜ ɩɟɬɥɹ Ƚɟɧɥɟ
ɝ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵ
ɞ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɱɤɢ
26.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɸɤɫɬɚɦɟɞɭɥɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ ɜɹɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺɤɪɨɦɟɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɲɭɧɬɢɚɪɨɜɚɬɶ ©ɥɢɲɧɸɸª ɤɪɨɜɶ ɩɪɢ
ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɵɯɧɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ
ɛ |
ɹ |
27. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɶɰɚɆɚɥɶɩɢɝɢɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɚ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɚɧɟɮɪɨ ɚ |
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ɛ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɣ ɤɥɭɛɨɱɟɤ |
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ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥɟɧɰ |
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28. ȼ ɩɨɱɟɱɧ ɦ ɬɟɥɶɰɟ Ɇɚɥɶɩɢɝɢɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ |
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ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚ ɫ ɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɣ ɜɚɫɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɸɫ |
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ɛ ɩɪɢɫɬɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɢɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɸɫ |
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ɜ ɩɟɟɪɟɞɧɟɛ ɤ ɜ ɣ ɜɟɧɬɪɨɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɸɫ |
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ɝ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɣɭɪɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɸɫ |
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29. |
ɋɨɩɨɫɬɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɥɶɰɚ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ |
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ɪ1. a. afferens |
ɚ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɟɬɢ |
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2. a. efferent |
ɛɜɬɬɨɨɪɢɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɩɢɫɥɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɢ |
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30.ɋɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɣ ɤɥɭɛɨɱ ɤ ɩɪ ɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɚ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵ ɩ ɬɥɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ-ɬɢ ɛ ɦɟɡɚɧɝɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɞɨɰɢɬɵ
31.ɗɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɣ ɝɟɦɨɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɭɛɨɱɤɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ
ɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɢɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɚɦɢ ɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɥɨɳɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɫ ɮɟɧɟɫɬɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɪɚɦɢ ɝ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ
ɞ ɨɤɪɭɠɺɧ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɣ ɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚ ɬɪɺɯɫɥɨɣɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɟ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɰɢɬɚɦɢɟ
104
32. Ȼɚɡɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɤɨɦ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ
ɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ
ɛ ɞɜɭɯɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ
ɜ ɬɪɺɯɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ
33. |
Ȼɚɡɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɥɢɫɬɤɨɦ |
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ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɣ– ɫɜɟɬɥɵɣ |
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ɛ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ– ɫɜɟɬɥɵɣ |
ɚ |
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ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ– ɬɺɦɧɵɣ |
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ɝ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ– ɫɜɟɬɥɵɣ |
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34. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɹɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɢ |
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ɩɨɞɨɰɢɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ |
ɧ |
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ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɣ |
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ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɛɬɺɦɧɵɣ |
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ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ |
ɛ |
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35. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɬɺɦ |
ɨɝɨɫɥɨɹ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ |
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ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɰɢɬɚɦɢ ɜɟɪ ɨ ɜɫɺɺɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɬɪɺɯɦɟɪɧɭɸ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɭ ɫɟɬɶ– ɱɟɢɫɬɵɣ ɜɢɞ |
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ɛ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɬɢɤɭɥɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɛɪɢɥɥ |
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ɜ ɫ ɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɮɢɥɚɦɟɧɬɨɜ |
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ɝ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ |
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36. |
ɪ |
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Ʉɚɩɫɭɥɚ ɒɭɦɥɹɧɫɤɨɝɨ – Ȼ ɭɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɟɪɧɨɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɚɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨɜɢɫɰɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢ ɬɤɚ |
ɢ |
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ɛ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢ ɬɤɚ |
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ɜ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨɩɚɪɢɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɥɢ ɬɤɚ |
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37.Ɇɨ ɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɩ ɭɥɵ ɒɭɦɥɹɧ ɤɨɝɨ– Ȼɨɭɦɟɧɚɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɚɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɜɢɫɰɟ ɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ ɛɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɢ ɬɚɥɶɧɵɣɥɢɫɬɨɤ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɥɢɫɬɤɚɦɢɫɨɞɟ ɠɢɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɝ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɱɨɣ ɞ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣɦɨɱɨɣ
ɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɦ ɤɥɭɛɨɱɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɟɦ
38.ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɚ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɨɤɪɭɠɺɧɝɟɦɨɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɚɦɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɭɛɨɱɤɚ ɛ ɩɨɤɪɵɬ ɬɨɧɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɨɣɤɚɦɢ ɪɵɯɥɨɣ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɢɫɬɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɝ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɞ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ
ɟ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɠ ɦɨɱɟɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɉ ɪ
105
39. |
ɉɨɞɨɰɢɬɵ– ɷɬɨ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɤɚ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ |
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ɛ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɤɚ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ |
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40. |
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ |
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ɛ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ |
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ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ |
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ɝ ɷɤɬɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ |
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ɞ ɰɟɥɨɧɟɮɪɨɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢɹ |
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ɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɨɫɬɤɤɢ – |
ɰɢɬɨɬɪɚɛɟɤɭɥɵ |
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ɠ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɨɬɪɨɫɬɤɢ– ɰɢɬɨɩɟɞɢɤɭɥɵ |
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ɡ ɧɚ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɦɢɤɤɪɨɜɨɪɫɢɧɤɢ |
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41. Ɇɨɪɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɨɰɢɬɨɜɹ |
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ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚ ɰɢɬɨɩɨɞɢɢɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɛ ɡ ɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɟ |
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ɛ ɦɟɠɞɭɰɢɬɨɩɨɞɢɹɦɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɳɟɥɢ |
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ɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ |
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ɝ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ |
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ɞ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɧɧɨ |
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42. ɓɟɥɟɜɚɹ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚ ɧɚɬɹɧɭɬɵɟ ɬɨɧɤɢɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɣ ɢɫɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸɸ |
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ɤ ɬ ɪɵɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɳɟɥ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɢɬɨɩɨɞɢɹɦɢ |
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ɛ ɤ |
ɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɟɬɢɤɭɥɢɧɛɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨɞɨɰɢɬɨɹ- |
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ɷɧɞ ɬɟɥɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ |
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43. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩ ɞ ɰɢɬ ɜ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɢɟ ɜɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ |
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ɛ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɳɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɵ |
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ɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤ ɟ |
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ɝɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɨɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɞ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɧɢɧɚ ɟ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɠ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɡ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɩɨɷɬɢɧɚ
44.Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɚ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɣ ɝɟɦɨɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɭɛɨɱɤɚ ɛ ɬɪɺɯɫɥɨɣɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɨɰɢɬɨ-ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɚ ɜ ɩɚɪɢɟɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɝ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹɳɟɥɟɜɚɹ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɚ ɞ ɰɢɬɨɩɨɞɢɢ ɢ ɰɢɬɨɬɪɚɛɟɤɭɥɵ
45.Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ
ɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɡ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɱɢ
ɛ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɱɢ
106
46.Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɪɶɟɪ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ
ɚ ɜɨɞɭ
ɛ ɫɩɢɪɬɵ
ɜ ɫɨɥɢ
ɝ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɭ
ɞ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ
ɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ
47.ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɬɚ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɱɢ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɹɪɨɦɟɚ
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48. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɛɚɪɶɟɪ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤ |
ɟɬ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ): |
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ɚ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɛɟɡ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ |
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ɛ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪ ɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ |
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ɝ ɫɨɥɢNa, Ca, Cl, |
K, HCOO3, PO4) |
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ɞ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ |
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ɟ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟ |
ɨɟ ɜɟɪ |
ɨ |
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49. Ɇɨɪɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɢɟɬɚɥɥɶɧɨɝɨ |
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ɥɢɫɬɤɚ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɨɝ ɬɟɥɶɰɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ |
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ɛ ɜ ɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ |
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ɥɢɫɬ ɤ ɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɨɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫ ɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥɟɰ |
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ɜ ɜɵɩ ɥɧɹɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɭɸ ɨɩɨɪɧɭɸ |
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ɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ |
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ɝ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɧɨ |
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50. ɏɚ ɚɤɬɟɪɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɨɝɨɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɱɤɢ |
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ɛɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɥɟɰ |
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ɜ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɢɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɺɦɧɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ ɝ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟɫɜɟɬɥɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ ɞ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ– ɧɟɩɪɚɜɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ
51. Ɇɨɪɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ
ɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɵɪɚɠɟɧ ɛ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɜ ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɝ ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ
ɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɱɢ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ
ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ
ɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɱɢ
107
52. Ɇɨɪɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜd ɦɤɦ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ
ɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɱɤɢ
ɛ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɥɟɰ
ɜ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɟɜ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɺɦɧɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ
©ɦɭɬɧɚɹª ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ
ɝ ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧɵ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ
ɧɚ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɟ ɞ ɧɚ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɪɫɢɧɤɢɫ
ɝɥɢɤɨɤɚɥɢɤɫɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɥɢɡɨɫɨɦ ɟ ɜ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ– ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɝɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɰɢɬɨɥɟɦɦɵ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨ ɪ ɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ |
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ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɫɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ |
ɹ |
ɠ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɪɟ ɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ – ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ |
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ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜɢ ɜɨɞɵ |
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ɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɰɵɤɪɟɚɬɢɧɢɧ ɢ ɣɨɧɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ |
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ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɷɧɞɨɤɪɢ ɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɚɢmacula densa) |
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53. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɟɮɪɨɧɚɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ
ɚ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɚɹɨɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢ ɢɡ |
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ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɱɢ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ |
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ɛ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɫɬɜ |
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ɜ ɩɪ ɰɟɫɫ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨ-ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɧɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ |
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ɝ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɛɨ-ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɦ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ |
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ɤɢɫɥ ɬ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ |
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ɞ ɷɤɫɤɪɟɰɢɹɧɟɤ ɬ ɪɵɯ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟ ɬɜ |
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ɟ ɷɧɞɨɤɪɢɧɨɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚD3) |
ɢ |
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ɠ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɧɨ |
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54. ɏɚ ɚɤɬɟɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɹ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ |
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ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɳɺɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɺɦɤɢ |
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ɛ ɧɚ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜ ɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ – |
ɟɫɧɢɱɤɢ |
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ɜ ɧɚ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜ ɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ – ɦɢɤ ɨɜɨɪɫɢɧɤɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ |
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ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳ ɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɝ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ ɚɟɬ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɩɥɚɡɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ |
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ɉɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ ɚɟɬɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɧ ɧɬɨɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ |
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ɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɟɬɨɤ– ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɫɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɠ ɥɚɬɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɰɢɬɨɥɟɦɦɵ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɧɟ ɱɺɬɤɢɟ |
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ɡ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɤɪɚɲɢ ɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɵɦɢ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ |
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ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ©ɦɭɬɧɚɹª ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ |
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ɢ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ ɛɨɝɚɬɚ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ |
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ɤ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ ɛɨɝɚɬɚ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ
108
55. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɹ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɚ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɵ– ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɡɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɛ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ– ɦɭɬɧɚɹ (ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ) ɜ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ– ɫɢɧɹɹ ɞ ɦɟɠɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɧɟɱɺɬɤɢɟ ɟ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɳɺɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɺɦɤɢ ɧɚ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɠ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɫɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ
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56. Ɋɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɟ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ: |
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ɚ ɜɨɞɚ– 80 %) |
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ɛ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɵNa, Ca, Cl, K, HCO3, PO4 ) |
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ɜ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ |
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ɝ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɚ) |
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ɞ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɧɨ |
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57. Ɇɨɪɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɩɟɬɥɢ |
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Ƚɟɧɥɟ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ ɵɟɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ– ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ |
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ɛ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ– ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ |
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ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɪɫɢ ɨɤ ɚ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶ ɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹɨɧɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ |
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ɝ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɹɞɪɨɫɨɞɟɧɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɨɜ |
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ɨ |
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ɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɣɨɧɨɜ ɫɨɥɟɣ |
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ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ |
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ɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ |
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58. ɋɬ ɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɟɬɥɢ |
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Ƚɟɧɥɟ ɜɟɪɧ ɜɫɺɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɚ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ |
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ɛɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ Cl |
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ɜ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ Na |
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59. Ɇɨɪɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ ɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɨ ɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɭɱɚ ɬɤɚ ɩɟɬɥɢ |
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Ƚɟɧɥɟɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ– ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ |
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ɛ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɣ– ɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ |
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ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɪɫɢɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɚɩɢɤɚɪɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹɨɧɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ |
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ɉɝ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɵɢɦɟɸɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ ɫɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɰɢɬɨɥɟɦɦɵ |
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ɞ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɣɨɧɨɜ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ ɜɨɞɵ
60. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ
ɚ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɛ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɹNa ɜ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɹNH4 ɝ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɹ ɇ ɞ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɧɨ
109
61. |
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɹ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ |
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ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɢɢ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɤɪɨɦɟ |
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ɚ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɨɰɢɬɵ– ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ |
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ɛ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɡɚɯ ɩɨɱɤɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ |
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ɜ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ– ɦɭɬɧɚɹ ɪɨɡɨɜɚɹ |
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ɝ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚ– ɫɜɟɬɥɚɹ |
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ɞ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ– ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ |
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ɟ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ– ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɳɺɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɚɺɦɤɢ ɧɚ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɹ |
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ɠ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɫɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɛɚɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɤɥɟɬɨɤ |
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62. Ɇɨɪɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ |
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ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ |
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ɚ ɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɨɱɤɭ |
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ɛ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɫ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɵɦ ɬɟɥɶɰɟɦ |
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ɜ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶ ɵɦɢ ɤ ɧɚɥɶɰɚɦɢ |
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ɝ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ |
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ɞ ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ |
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ɟ ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣ ɵɦ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ |
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ɠ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɸ ɢɡɩɟɪɜɢɱ ɨɣ ɦɨɱɢ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ |
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ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ |
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ɡ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɱɢ |
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ɨ |
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ɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɺɦɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɵ |
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ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰ |
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63. |
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Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ ɜɵɛɟɪ |
ɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ |
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ɚɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥ ɬɨɜɢɡɦɨɱɢ |
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ɛ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɦ ɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ |
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ɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨ-ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɦɛɚɥɚɧɫɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ |
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ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ |
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ɝɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɞɷɤɫɤɪɟɰɢɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨ ɵɯ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɟ ɷɧɞɨɤɪɢɧɧɚɹ ɛɢɨɫɟɢɧɬɟɡɤɚɥɥɢɤɪɟɢɧɚ
ɠ ɩɨɞɤɢɫɥɟɧɢ ɦɨɱɢ ɩ ɢɞɚɧɢɢɟ ɟɣ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɡ ɜɫɺ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɜɧɧɨɟ ɜɟɪɧɨ
64. Ɇɨɪɮɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛɨɱɟɤ ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɚ ɢɥɥɶɧɵ ɨɬɜ ɬɵ
ɚ ɹ ɥɹɸɬɫɹɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ ɛ ɧɟ ɹ ɥɹɸɬɫɹɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɧɟɮɪɨɧɚ
ɜ ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧɵ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɤɭɛɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɝ ɜɵɫɬɥɚɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɟɦ ɞ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɷɩɢɬɟɥɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɟɬɥɵɟ ɢ ɬɺɦɧɵɟ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɠ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɫɨɪɛɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ
110