Index

Note: Page numbers followed by f indicate figures.

A

Abdomen 221–328 anterior wall 221–226

actions of muscles 225–226 peritoneal folds 234

respiratory movements 188, 225–226 cavity 233–234

general topography 233–234 in newborn child 34 posterior wall 272–274

Abdominal straining 187, 226, 395–396 Abdominoperineal resection of rectum 296 Acetabulum 127, 164–165, 166, 168 Acini

pancreas 269 prostate 299 Acromion 98, 99–100 Adenohypophysis 448

Adenoids 387

Adhesion, interthalamic 469–470 Aditus

laryngeal 387–388, 393 mastoid antrum 416

to lesser sac 236 tympanic cavity 416

Adrenalectomy 288 Agger nasi 372

Air cells

ethmoidal 374, 376–377 anterior 377 middle 377 posterior 377

mastoid 414, 416–417 Ala, sacral 436

Alimentary canal see Gastrointestinal tract Allantois 29, 298

Alveoli (air sacs) 217 Alveus 466

Ampulla

hepatopancreatic (of Vater) 253, 265–266, 268 rectal 292

of semicircular ducts 421

of uterine tube 303 of vas deferens 300

Amygdala (amygdaloid body) 458, 459 Anaesthesia

dental 379 epidural 454 infiltration 379

spinal 454 see also Nerve block Anal abscess/fistula 315

Anal canal 313

mucous membrane 315 Anastomosis

arterial 8 arteriovenous 8

of coronary arteries 205 cruciate 126–127

deep venous of face 355 elbow joint 71 portal–systemic 208, 267 scapular 46

trochanteric 126, 128–129 wrist joint 71

Anatomical snuffbox 77 Aneurysm of Circle of Willis 471 Angina 197

Ludwig's 331 Angle

cerebellopontine 478 sternal (of Louis) 189 subpubic 288

of thyroid cartilage 391 Ankle 156–158

movements 157 segmental innervation 15

Annulus fibrosus 423 Ansa

cervicalis 336, 337, 344, 500 inferior root 334, 344 superior root 344

subclavia 346, 348–349 Anterior spinal artery syndrome 492 Anterolateral cordotomy 490 Antrum

mastoid 25, 414, 416–417 pyloric 247

Aorta 27, 287–288 abdominal 274

branches 275–276 arch 190–193

ascending 203

thoracic (descending) 197, 207 Aortic arch defects 29

Aponeurosis 3 bicipital 58

epicranial (galea) 355–356 palmar 80–81

plantar 151, 160 soft palate 388

superficial muscular aponeurotic system 358 Apparatus

lacrimal 398–399 styloid 369

Appendicectomy 257 Appendices epiploicae 257, 258 Appendix 34, 256

epididymis 230, 231–232 testis 229, 232 vermiform 255–257

Aqueduct

of cochlea 419

of midbrain (of Sylvius) 476 of vestibule 451

Aqueous humour 409

Arachnoid granulations 439–440 Arachnoid mater

cranial 439–440 spinal 453

Arachnoid villi 439–440 Arcades, arterial 254–255

palmar arch 81, 83 Arch(es)

aortic 27, 190–193 of atlas 433

carpal, dorsal 71, 79 coracoacromial 48

of cricoid cartilage 391–392 dorsal venous 145

of foot 160 longitudinal

lateral 160, 161

medial 160–161 transverse 160, 161

hyoid (second) 25 mandibular (first) 25 neural 421–422, 438 palatoglossal 381, 387 palatopharyngeal 387 palmar 71

deep 83 superficial 81

pharyngeal (branchial) 24–27, 383 plantar 155

ulnar 84–85

zygomatic 504, 505, 506 Area(s)

auditory 463 auricular 168 cortical 462–464 gustatory 463 Little's 374–375 olfactory 463 speech

motor (anterior) of Broca 460, 463 posterior of Wernicke 463

vestibular 483 visual 458, 464

Areola 57

Areolar tissue of scalp 356 Arm 37

anterior compartment 58–59 posterior compartment 61–64 vessels and nerves 59–61

Artery; arteries 8 alveolar

inferior 363 posterior

superior 364 aorta 27, 287–288

abdominal 274, 275–276 arch 190–193

ascending 203 thoracic 197, 207

appendicular 257 arc of Riolan 258 arcuate 145–146

auricular

deep 363, 414, 415 posterior 343, 356, 414

axillary 51–52

basilar 452, 471, 479, 481 brachial 59, 67, 69

deep 59

bronchial 194, 197, 208, 216 caecal 255

carotid

common 27, 190–192, 193, 329, 341–342 external 27, 342–343, 359

branches 342

internal 27, 329, 343, 445, 449, 471, 472 central 403, 409

cerebellar inferior

anterior 452, 486 posterior 452, 481, 486

superior 452, 478, 486 cerebral

anterior 465, 471, 472, 473 middle 471, 472–473 posterior 471, 472, 473, 478

cervical

ascending 346–347 deep 349, 427 superficial 347 transverse 333

choroidal 465, 471, 472, 473 ciliary 403

coeliac 239 colic 240

left 246, 258 middle 245, 258 right 244–245, 258

communicating

anterior 471, 472

posterior 450, 465, 471, 472 conus 204–205

coronary 203–204 left 205

right 204–205 cremasteric 228 cystic 265, 266

digital 81

dorsalis pedis 145–146 epigastric

inferior 12–13, 179, 225, 228, 234, 276 superficial 112

superior 12–13, 179, 184, 186, 225 ethmoidal 377

anterior 447

facial 338, 342, 355, 376 femoral 118–119

circumflex

lateral 118–119 medial 119, 128–129

common 119

perforating 119, 131–132 profundus 118, 121, 131–132 superficial 119

gastric 208

left 242, 249 right 243, 249

short 242–243, 249 gastroduodenal 243 gastroepiploic

left 242–243, 249 right 243, 249

genicular 134, 140 descending 120–121 lateral inferior 134 lateral superior 134 medial inferior 134 medial superior 134 middle 134, 140

gluteal

inferior 126, 131–132, 309 superior 126, 309

gonadal 276, 287 helicine 322

hepatic 243, 259, 262 common 242, 243 right 266

humeral 52 hypophyseal 448 ileal 240

ileocolic 244, 258 iliac

common 276, 287

deep circumflex 225, 276 external 276

internal 276, 287, 308

anterior division 308, 309 posterior division 308–309

superficial circumflex 112 ilial 244

iliolumbar 276, 308–309 iliac branch 276, 309

lumbar branch 276, 308–309 infraorbital 363–364, 376

innominate see Trunk, brachiocephalic intercostal 12–13, 179, 183–184, 186–187, 212

anterior 184

posterior 57, 184, 427 superior 183–184, 349

interosseous

anterior 69, 71 common 71

posterior 69, 71, 73, 77 interventricular

anterior 205

posterior (posterior descending) 204–205 jejunal 240, 244

labial

inferior 355 superior 355 transverse 355

labyrinthine 421, 452 laryngeal

inferior 386, 396 superior 342, 386, 396

lingual 342, 381–382, 383, 386 dorsal 381–382

lumbar 12–13, 179, 225, 276, 427 marginal 258

left 205

right 204–205

maxillary 25, 27, 362–364, 370–371, 376 meningeal

accessory 363, 442, 450 frontal branch 442 middle 363, 418, 442 parietal branch 442

mental 363 mesenteric

inferior 239, 246

superior 239, 240, 244–245, 254–255 metacarpal

dorsal 79 palmar 83

metatarsal 145–146

first dorsal 145–146 musculophrenic 184, 186–187, 197, 212 nasal, dorsal 372

nodal

atrioventricular 204–205 sinuatrial 204–205

nutrient to tibia 150 obturator 121, 123, 309

accessory (abnormal) 309 occipital 332, 342–343, 356, 431 ophthalmic 374–375, 403, 449, 472 ovarian 276, 303, 305

palatine 389

ascending 342, 386

greater 364, 376, 380, 386 lesser 364

palmar 81 palpebral 398

pancreatica magna 268 pancreaticoduodenal 266

inferior 244, 254, 268 superior 243–244, 254, 268

of penis

deep 319, 321 dorsal 319, 321 to bulb 319, 321

pericardiophrenic 184, 186–187, 197 perineal 321

transverse 321

peroneal (fibular) 146, 150, 156 circumflex (circumflex fibular) 150

pharyngeal 364, 386

ascending 343, 386, 418

phrenic

inferior 186–187, 275, 287–288 superior 186–187

plantar

lateral 155 medial 155

pontine 452

popliteal 131–132, 133, 134 princeps pollicis 83

prostatic 299

of pterygoid canal 364 pudendal

exterior

deep 112, 321 superficial 112, 114

internal 126, 307, 309, 316, 317, 321 superficial 321

pulmonary 203, 213–214, 216 left 213–214

right 213–214 radial 69

collateral 59 in hand 83–84

radialis indicis 83 radicular 491–492

radicularis (of Adamkiewicz) 491–492 rectal 315

inferior 294

middle 294, 301, 306, 309 superior 246, 294

renal 275, 284, 287–288 sacral

lateral 12–13, 309, 427 median 275, 294 medius 315

scapular

circumflex 52 dorsal 46, 349

scrotal 321 sigmoid 246, 258 of skin 1–2

sphenopalatine 364, 374–375, 377 spinal

anterior 452, 481, 491 posterior 491

splenic 242–243, 268, 271 stapedial 27

striate 472–473

stylomastoid 343, 415, 416–417, 421

inferior collateral 59 superior collateral 59

uterine 287, 303, 309 vaginal 306, 307, 309

vertebral 12–13, 348–349, 430, 452, 471, 481 ascending 427

spinal branches 430 of vertebral column 427–428

vesical

inferior 287, 297, 301, 306, 307, 309 superior 287, 297, 301, 309

Aspiration

ankle joint 157–158 hip joint 130

knee joint 141 pleural 213

Astrocytes 10

Atrial septal defect 206–207

Atrium of heart 30, 197–198, 199, 201 left 198–199

right 198–200 Auricle

of atrium

left 201

right 199–200 pinna 413

Autonomic nervous system 9, 18–20 in abdomen 280

Avascular necrosis head of femur 127 scaphoid 107 talus 177

Avulsion injury, brachial plexus 95–96 Axilla 50

Axon 10

B

Bar, interureteric 296–297 Baroreceptors

aortic arch 192–193 carotid sinus 343

Barrett's oesophagus 208 Bartholinitis 322

Benign prostatic hyperplasia 300 Bicornuate uterus 304

Biliary tract 263–266 imaging 266 pain 266

Biopsy

liver 263 percutaneous renal 286

Bipartite patella 171 Bladder, urinary 29, 296–298

micturition 297–298 Blastocyst 22

Blind spot 408 Blood vessels 8

Blood–brain barrier 471–472 Blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier 483 Body

amygdaloid 458, 459, 466, 468 aortic 192–193

carotid 343 central fibrous 199 ciliary 406

of corpus callosum 461 of gallbladder 264–265 geniculate

lateral 465 medial 470, 476

of ischium 168

of lateral ventricle 468 mamillary 466, 470 Pacchionian 439–440 of pancreas 267–268 of penis 319

perineal 304, 313–314, 317 of pubis 165–166

sphenoid 373

of sternum 217–218 of stomach 249

of talus 176 trapezoid 482 ultimobranchial 26 of uterus 301 vertebral 421–422 vitreous 409, 410

Body wall 179–180 innervation 11–13

Bone(s) 5–6

atlas 425–426, 433 axis 426, 433

calcaneus 160, 175–176 cancellous (trabecular) 5 capitate 107, 108 carpus 107–108 clavicle 37, 97–98 coccyx 288–289, 438

compact 5

conchae (turbinates) 373 inferior 372 middle 373–374 superior 373

cuboid 160, 177 cuneiform 160, 161, 178

intermediate 175, 178 lateral 175, 178 medial 175, 178

ethmoid 372, 373, 374

femur 123, 127, 169–171, 288–289 of foot 175–176

frontal 33, 373, 503–504, 506 hamate 107, 108

of hand 107–109 humerus 62, 101–103 hyoid 25, 329, 512

ilium 164–165, 166, 168 incus 25, 416

innominate (hip) 111, 123, 164–168 ischium 164–165, 166, 167–168 lacrimal 372

of lower limb 164–168 lunate 107

malleus 25, 414–415, 416 mandible 33, 329, 510–511 marrow 5

maxilla 33, 372, 373 metacarpal 108 metatarsal 160, 175, 178

first 178 nasal 372, 373, 506

navicular 160, 175, 177–178 occipital 503, 506

palatine 373, 505 parietal 503–504 patella 6, 120, 171 pelvis 288–289 petrous 507, 509 phalanges

of foot 178 of hand 108

pisiform 107, 108–109 pubis 164–165, 168

radius 62, 103–106 ribs 180, 218, 226 eleventh 219 first 218–219

twelfth 219 rider's 121, 165–166

sacrum 123, 422, 436–438 scaphoid 107

scapula 37, 98–101 sesamoid 6, 120

in hand 108–109 skull 503–508

sphenoid 503–504, 508–509 stapes 25, 416

sternum 180, 217–218 talus 160, 175, 176–177 tarsus 175

temporal 503–504, 507 petromastoid part 33 typanic part 33

of thorax 217–218 trapezium 107–108 trapezoid 107, 108 triquetral 107

ulna 62, 106–107 of upper limb 97

vertebrae 421–422, 428–430, 432–433 cervical 422, 432–433

lumbar 272, 422, 435–436 prominens (C7) 433

thoracic 180, 422, 434–435 vomer 372–373

Wormian 503

zygomatic 504, 505, 506 Bony pelvis 111

Brachium, superior 465 Brain 455

Brainstem 455, 474–476

damage to medullary vessels 481 tracts 481–482

ascending 481, 482 descending 481–482

Breast 56–58

reconstruction surgery 38, 42, 225 Bregma 503

Bronchi 215–216, 217 lobar 215

main 215 segmental 216

Bronchioles 217 lobular 217 respiratory 217 terminal 217

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) 9 Brown-Séquard syndrome 492

Bulb

of developing heart 30 olfactory 458, 466

of penile urethra 320 of penis 319

of posterior horn 468 of vestibule 322

Bulla, ethmoidal 374, 377 Bundle

atrioventricular (of His) 199, 203 branches 203

medial longitudinal 482

neurovascular of intercostal spaces 186 Bursa(e)

of gluteus muscles 125 iliacus 168 infrapatellar 139–140 infraspinatus 45, 47 knee joint 139–140

omental (lesser sac) 234–235 psoas (iliac) 117, 118, 168

subacromial (subdeltoid) 48, 49, 99–100 subcutaneous prepatellar 139–140 subscapularis 47

suprapatellar 135–136, 139–140

tendo calcaneus (Achilles' tendon) 147–148 Buttock see Gluteal region

C

Caecum 34, 240, 255 Calcar avis 468

Calf 146–151 Calyx, renal

major 285 minor 285

Canaliculus cochlear 419

lacrimal 398, 399 tympanic 415

Canal(s)

adductor (subsartorial; Hunter's) 120–121 alimentary see Gastrointestinal tract anal 248, 255, 293, 311–312, 313 anorectal 29

carotid 366, 415–416, 507 central of spinal cord 487 condylar 506

for facial nerve 415 femoral 118

of Guyon 81

Haversian 5 hypoglossal 506, 510 inguinal 226–228 nasolacrimal 397 optic 509

portal 263 pterygoid 508, 509

pudendal (of Alcock) 168, 316 pyloric 247

sacral 437–438 of Schlemm 405

semicircular 418, 420 anterior (superior) 420 lateral 415, 420 posterior 420

for tensor tympani 415–416 of uterine cervix 303

vertebral (spinal) 421–422, 425, 452–454 Volkmann's 5

Canines 378, 379–380 Cannulation, femoral artery 118 Capillaries 8

of central nervous system 471–472 Capitulum 62, 102–103

Capsule

Bowman's 285

internal of forebrain 460–461, 470, 472–473 joint 7

of kidney 283 lens 409

of prostate 299 Tenon's 402

Caput Medusae 179 Cardia 248, 249–252

Cardiopulmonary bypass 207 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 382–383 Carpal tunnel 81

Carpal tunnel syndrome 82–83 Cartilage(s) 3–4

alar

major 372 minor 372

arytenoid 25, 391, 392 corniculate 391, 392 costal 180, 217–218, 219 cricoid 25, 391–392 cuneiform 391, 392 elastic 4

epiglottic 25, 391, 392 fibrocartilage 4, 7 hyaline 3–4, 7

of larynx 391–392 lateral (of nose) 372 Meckel's 25

septal 372–373 thyroid 25, 391

of trachea 194–195 Carunculae, hymenal 322 Catheterization

internal jugular vein 332, 344 pulmonary artery 203

right subclavian vein 348 Cauda equina 487

Cavernous sinus thrombosis 447 Cavity

abdominal 233–234 amniotic 22–23 cranial 439, 503 glenoid 100–101 joint 7

of larynx 393–394

nasal 371, 372–375, 506 oral 377–378

pelvic 233, 288–289 peritoneal 234–235

pulp 378

thoracic 180, 189–190 tympanic 26, 414–416

Cell bodies, autonomic nervous system 10, 19 Cell-mediated immune response 9

Cells

alveolar, type I/II 217

amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) 248 B 9

bipolar 464

C (parafollicular) 340 D 248

follicular 340 G 248, 252 ganglion 464

giant pyramidal (of Betz) 464 goblet 248

hair 420, 421

interstitial (of Leydig) 230 Kupffer 263

microglial 10 neural crest 379

neuroendocrine of alimentary canal 248 neuroglial 10

oxyphil 341 Paneth 248 parafollicular 26 parietal 248, 252 peptic 248 principal 341

Schwann (neurolemmocytes) 10 sustentacular (of Sertoli) 230

T 9

Cementum 378, 379

Central nervous system 9, 455–502 general plan 455

Centre

cardiac 474

detrusor motor 297–298 micturition 297–298 respiratory 474 vasomotor 474

Centrum 422, 438 Cerebellar abscess 416–417 Cerebellum 474, 484–486

grey matter 486 lesions 485–486 white matter 486 Cerebral abscess 416–417 Cerebral cortex 462–464

Cerebral hemispheres 455–464 blood supply 471–473

effects of occlusion 473 grey matter 455, 458

white matter 459, 460

Cerebrospinal fluid 455, 466–467, 482–483 Cervical rib 46, 422

Cervix 301–303 Cheeks 351, 377–378 Chemoreceptors

aortic body 192–193 carotid body 343

Chiasma, optic 464, 470, 471 Child, anatomy 32

Choanae 372 Chorda(e)

tendinae 200–201

tympani 366, 382, 417, 498 Choroid 406

Circle of Willis 471 Circumcision 320 Cistern(a)

cerebellomedullary (magna) 440, 482–483 chiasmatic 440

chyli 239–240

interpeduncular 440, 471, 476–477 pontine 440, 478, 482–483

Claustrum 458, 459 Claw hand 96

Cleft

facial 29 intratonsillar 387 lip/palate 29

Clitoris 322

Clivus 510

Cloaca, development 29–30 Close-packed position 7 Coarctation of aorta 27 Coccyx 438

Cochlea 418, 419

Coelom 24

extraembryonic 22–23 Colectomy 258

Colles' fracture 105 Colliculus

facial 478, 483 inferior 476, 477 seminal 299

superior 465, 476, 477 Colloid 340

Colon 233, 240, 255, 257–258 ascending 257

descending 257–258 sigmoid 258 transverse 257

Columella 372 Columns

anal 315

anterior of fornix 466 Clark's 490

renal 285

white of spinal cord 487 anterior 488, 489 lateral 488, 489 posterior 488, 489

Commissure

anterior 322, 459, 470 of fornix 466

grey 487

posterior 322, 459 white 487

Compartment syndrome, in calf 147 Conducting (conduction) system of heart 203 Condyles

femoral 135, 171 lateral 171 medial 171 occipital 506, 507

tibial 135–136, 171 lateral 171–173 medial 171–173

Cones 408–409, 464

Congenital dislocation of hip 130 Congenital heart defects 206–207 Conjugate gaze 404

Conjunctiva 398, 405 Cord(s)

brachial plexus 52–53, 91 lateral 52–53, 92

medial 52–53, 54, 92–94 posterior 52–53, 54–55, 94–95

oblique 72

spermatic 226–227, 228 spinal see Spinal cord tendinae 202

umbilical 22–23, 24 vocal 391

Cornea 405–406, 409 Cornu

sacral 437 of uterus 301

Corona radiata 460 Coronary angioplasty 207 Coronary artery bypass 207 Corpus

albicans 305–306 arenacea 470

callosum 455, 459, 461–462 cavernosum 319, 322 cerebelli 485–486

luteum 305–306 spongiosum 319, 320 striatum 458–459

Corpuscles, thymic (Hassall's) 26, 196 Cortex

cerebral 455, 464 layers 464 white matter 464

kidney 285 olfactory 466 ovary 305–306 sensorimotor 462

MsI 463

MsII 463

SmI 463

SmII 463 suprarenal gland 288

Corticospinal pathways direct 489 indirect 489

Deafness 502

Defecation 316 Dendrites 10 Dens 426, 433 Dentine 378, 379

Dermatomes 12f, 13–14 neck 335

Dermis 1 Dermomyotome 23 Development

alimentary canal 233 anal canal 295

aorta 27

brainstem nuclei 492, 493–494 afferent 494

motor 493–494 breast 57

caecum 240 cloaca 29–30 colon 240 diaphragm 187

duodenum 240, 241 ear

external 26 middle 25

early 22–24 epididymis 231–232 face 28–29

gut 238–242

heart 30, 206–207 kidney 285–286 larynx 398

liver 233, 239, 241, 263 lungs 217

lymph nodes 239–240 mouth 28–29

ovary 306 pancreas 233, 269

parathyroid glands 341 parotid gland 360

pharyngeal arches/pouches 24–27 prostate 300

rectum 295 retina 409

scrotum 321

seminal vesicles 301 small intestine 240 spinal cord 492 spleen 271

stomach 241 submandibular gland 338 suprarenal gland 288 teeth 379–380

testis 230 thymus 196

thyroid gland 340 tongue 25, 383 ureters 285, 286, 287 urethra

female 307 male 321

urinary bladder 298 uterine tubes 304 uterus 304

vagina 307

vas deferens 301 veins 30–31

vertebral column 422, 438–439 see also Embryology; Ossification Diaphragm 16–17, 180–181, 184–187

openings 185–186

pelvic (pelvic floor) 289, 290–292 urogenital 317

Diaphragma sellae 441, 509 Diaphysis 6

Diencephalon 469–471 Diplopia 397, 402, 404–405

ocular nerve paralyses 404

Disc

interpubic 325 intervertebral 272, 423–424 intra-articular 7

optic 408 sternoclavicular joint 43

temporomandibular joint 411 wrist (radiocarpal) joint 78

Diverticulum, ileal (Meckel's) 254 Domes of diaphragm 180, 184 Dominant hemispheres 455 Dorsum sellae 508–509

Duct(s); ductus alveolar 217

arteriosus 27, 31–32 bile 263–264, 265–266 cochlear 418, 419, 420 collecting 285

cystic 259, 263–265 deferens see Vas, deferens ejaculatory 298, 300 endolymphatic 420–421

of Gartner 306 hepatic 259, 263

common 263–264, 265 left 263–264, 265 right 263–264, 265

lactiferous 57

mesonephric (Wolffian) 29, 230, 231–232, 286, 298 nasolacrimal 398, 399

pancreatic

accessory (of Santorini) 268 of Wirsung 268

paramesonephric (Müllerian) 232, 304 parotid 359, 378

reuniens 420

right lymphatic 211, 410 semicircular 418, 421 submandibular (of Wharton) 338

thoracic 196, 210–211, 340, 348, 410 thyroglossal 26

venosus 31 vitellointestinal 24

Duodenum 233, 240, 241, 248, 252, 253–254 Dupuytren's contracture 80–81

Dura mater

cranial 439, 440–442 spinal (theca) 453 venous sinuses 442–447

Dysmenorrhoea 303

E

Ear 413–414

external 26, 413–414 internal 418–421 middle 25, 414–417

Ectoderm 23, 24, 379

Ejaculation 320, 322 Elbow 37

joint 62–64

segmental innervation 14–15, 16 surgical approach 64

Embryo 22 Embryology 22–24

early development 22–24 nerve supply 11

limb buds 13

pharyngeal arches/pouches 24–27 see also Development Eminence

arcuate 509 articular 505 collateral 468 hypothenar 86 iliopubic 165

intercondylar of tibia 171–172 median 470

thenar 84–85 Emission, seminal fluid 322 Enamel 378, 379 Endocardium 202 Endoderm 23, 247 Endolymph 418, 420 Endometrium 303–304 Endomysium 4 Endoneurium 10–11

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) 268 Endosteum 5

Enteric nervous system 247 Epiblast 22–23 Epicondyle

femur

lateral 171 medial 171

humerus

lateral 102, 103 medial 102, 103

Epidermis 1

Epididymis 229, 230, 231–232 Epidural anaesthesia 454 Epiglottis 392, 394

Epimysium 4

Epiphysis 6 Epistaxis 374–375 Epithelium 248

corneal 405

mucous membranes 7 olfactory 373

Epoöphoron 306 Erb–Duchenne paralysis 96 Erb's paralysis 96 Erection 322

Examination rectal 295 vaginal 307

Expiration 182, 187, 188, 226 Extradural haemorrhage 447 Eye 396

anterior chamber 409 movements 403–405

conjugate gaze 404

ocular nerve paralyses 404–405 posterior chamber 409

refracting media 409–410 structure 405–409

Eyelashes 398 Eyelids 350–351, 398

movements 398

F

Fabella 6 Face 329, 349

‘danger area’ 355, 447 development 28–29

Facial expression 329, 346 Fallot's tetralogy 206–207 Falx

cerebelli 441

cerebri 441, 455, 508 Fascia

abdominal wall Camper 179 posterior 274 Scarpa's 179

axillary 50

bulbi (Tenon's capsule) 402 of calf 147

cervical 329

deep 329, 330–331 clavipectoral 39 cremasteric 228

cribriform 115 deep 3

of foot

dorsum 145 sole 151

iliac 274 infraspinatus 46 lata 115–116

of leg 142, 143–144 lumbar 274 mesorectal 293 obturator 290 orbital 397

parotidomasseteric 330, 358 pectoral 39

pelvic 291–292

of pelvic diaphragm inferior 291–292 superior 291–292

of penis

deep 319

superficial (Buck's) 179, 319 perineal

deep 318–319

superficial (of Colles) 179, 318–319 pharyngobasilar 383

pretracheal 189–190, 193, 331 prevertebral 189–190, 331, 345 psoas 272

rectosacral 291–292

rectovesical of Denonvilliers 293–294 renal (of Gerota) 284

Sibson's 184 spermatic

external 228 internal 227, 228

superficial 3 temporoparietal 355–356 of thigh 115 thoracolumbar 274

Fascicles 10–11 Fasciculi 4

Fat (fatty pads) Haversian 7 infrapatellar 139 perinephric 284 synovial joints 7

Fetus 22

circulation 31–32 see also Development Fibres

afferent autonomic 20, 22 arcuate

association 460 internal 482

collagen 1, 2, 3, 5 commissural 459, 461 corticonuclear 481, 489

corticospinal 460, 481–482, 489 extrapyramidal 489 hypothalamospinal 482

muscle 4

slow twitch 187 nerve 10

nigrostriatal 477

occipitopontine (corticopontine) 461, 482 olivocerebellar 480

pain 490 parasympathetic 22 parietopontine 461 projection 460 Purkinje 203 pyramidal 489 retinacular 127 Sharpey's 5, 380

spindle (intrafusal) 5, 17–18 spinoreticular 488 spinothalamic 488 sympathetic 13, 20 temporopontine 461 thalamocortical 460

Fibula 174–175

Filum terminale 453, 487 Fimbria(e)

of hippocampus 466, 468 of uterine tube 303

Fingers, long tendons, segmental innervation of movements 16 Fissure(s)

of cerebellum horizontal 485 primary 485

choroid 466–467

for ligamentum teres 259

for ligamentum venosum 235–236, 259 of lungs 214

horizontal 214 oblique 214, 215

median anterior of spinal cord 486, 487 orbital

inferior 397, 507–508 superior 397, 509

petrosquamous 507 petrotympanic 507 pterygomaxillary 369, 505 of Rolando 455, 456–458 squamotympanic 507

Fistula, tracheo-oesophageal 26–27 Flexure

duodenojejunal 253 splenic 257–258

Flocculus 485 Floor

pelvic 289, 290–292 of pharynx 26–27

Fold(s)

alar 7, 139 aryepiglottic 392–393 fibriated 381 glossoepiglottic

lateral 381, 388 median 381

gluteal 123

ileocaecal (bloodless of Treves) 257 infrapatellar 7, 139

labioscrotal 321 nail 1 peritoneal 234

anterior abdominal wall 234 rectal, transverse 292 salpingopharyngeal 386–387 umbilical 234

urogenital 29–30 vestibular 393–394

vocal 392, 393–394, 395–396 Folia 484

Follicles hair 1

lymphoid 9

of gastrointestinal tract 247 ovarian

atretic 306 Graafian 305–306 primordial 305–306

thyroid 340 Fontanelles 33

anterior 33 posterior 33

Foot 111

dorsum 145–146 inversion/eversion 159

segmental innervation 15 joints 156–158

propulsive and shock-absorbing mechanisms 161–162 sole 151–152

supporting mechanism 160–161 vessels and nerves 155–156

Foot drop 164 Foramen

Bochdalek's 187 caecum 381, 508

epipoloic (of Winslow) 236 ethmoidal 397

incisive 28–29, 508 infraorbital 506

interventricular 466–467, 469, 470 intervertebral 10, 421–422, 424, 425, 487 jugular 451–452, 509–510

lacerum 507–508, 509 of Luschka 440, 482–483 of Magendie 482–483 magnum 506

mandibular 511 mastoid emissary 503

mental 33, 506, 510–511 Morgagni's 187

nutrient 102

obturator 166, 168, 289–290, 310 ovale

cranium 507–508, 509 fetal heart 31, 206

palatine

greater 508 lesser 508

primary (ostium primum) 206 rotundum 509

sacral 436 sciatic

greater 123, 167, 317 lesser 123, 317, 324

secondary (ostium secundum) 206 singulare 451

spinosum 507–508, 509 stylomastoid 507–508 transversarium (vertebrarterial) 422 vena caval 186

vertebral 421–422

of Vesalius 447, 507–508 zygomaticofacial 505

Forceps

major 461 minor 461, 467

Forearm 37

anterior compartment 64 neurovascular pattern 69 posterior compartment 73–78

segmental innervation of movements 16 Forebrain 455, 469

blood supply 471–474 diencephalon 469–471 internal capsule 460–461

Foregut 239

blood supply 242–244 rotation 241–242 venous drainage 244

Fornix 466 vaginal 306

Fossa

acetabular 128 canine 506 coronoid 102–103 cranial 447–448

anterior 447–448, 508 middle 448–450, 508–509

posterior 451–452, 508, 509–510 cubital 66–67

digastric 511

iliac 164–165, 168 incisive 506, 508

Gallbladder 259, 264–265 Ganglion 10

autonomic nervous system 18 basal see Nucleus, basal cervical 18–19

cardiac branches 19 inferior 346

middle 208, 346 superior 346

cervicothoracic (stellate) 183–184, 346 ciliary 21–22, 403

coeliac 262, 266, 281, 284–285 cranial parasympathetic 21 geniculate 497–498 glossopharyngeal 499

impar 311 lumbar 280–281

otic 21, 22, 359–360, 366

pterygopalatine 21, 22, 370, 375, 377, 386, 390 renal 281, 284–285

of spinal nerve roots 10, 487 spiral 420, 498 submandibular 21, 22, 338 trigeminal 445, 450, 495

mandibular division 445, 450 maxillary division 445 ophthalmic division 445

vagus 499

inferior 366–367 superior 366–367

vestibular 498 Ganglionectomy, upper thoracic 211 Gap junctions (nexuses) 4 Gastrectomy 249

Gastric carcinoma 250 Gastrointestinal tract 233, 247–248

lymph drainage 247 nerve supply 247

structural features 247–248 see also Foregut; Hindgut; Midgut Genital organs/region

female 322–323 internal 301–303

male 317–320

internal 299–300

Genu

of corpus callosum 461 of internal capsule 460

Gingivae 378 Gland(s)

anal 315 apocrine 1 areolar 57

of Brunner 248

bulbourethral (of Cowper) 317 gastric 248

lacrimal 398, 399 lingual 380

mammary see Breast molar 378

pancreas 267–270 parathyroid 340–341

inferior 26 superior 26

paraurethral (of Skene) 307 parotid 358–360

accessory 359 pineal 470

pituitary 448–450 prostate 29 sebaceous 1 sublingual 380, 383

submandibular 337–339 suprarenal 34, 283–284, 287–288

left 287 right 287

sweat 1

tarsal (Meibomian) 398 thymus 26, 34

thyroid 26, 329, 339–340 accessory 339

urethral (of Littre) 320 vestibular

greater (of Bartholin) 306, 322 lesser 306, 322

Glans

clitoris 322 penis 319

Glaucoma 405 Globus pallidus 459 Glomerulus 285

Glottis 392, 393–394

Gluteal region (buttock) 123–127 intramuscular injection 127

Great vessels anomalies 27 neck 341–344

pericardial cavity 203 thorax 191–194

Grey matter 10 cerebellum 486

cerebral hemispheres 455, 458 spinal cord 487–488

Grip 90

Groove

atrioventricular 200 costal 218 intersphincteric 313–314 laryngotracheal 26–27 mylohyoid 511

obturator 165

for popliteus tendon 135–136 radial 102

sigmoid 509–510

for subclavian artery 219 for subclavius 98

transverse (cranial) 509–510 Gubernaculum 230, 306

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) 9 Gutter

paracolic

left 238 right 238

paravertebral 272 Gyrus; gyri 455, 456

angular 456

cingulate 456–458, 466 dentate 466

frontal 456

inferior 297–298, 463 medial 456–458 middle 463

lingual 458 orbital 458

parahippocampal 458, 463, 466 postcentral 456, 463, 464

precentral 456, 463 rectus 458 supramarginal 456 temporal 456

anterior 463 middle 463 superior 463, 464

H

Haemorrhage extradural 447

striate artery 460, 472–473 subarachnoid 447, 471 subdural 447

Haemorrhoids (piles) 315 Hair 1

Hallux valgus 159–160 Hamstring muscles 130–132 Hamulus, pterygoid 508 Hand 37, 78

bones 107–109 claw 96 dorsum 78–79 palm 79–89

segmental innervation of movements 16 Heart 197–207

conducting (conduction) system 203 congenital defects 206–207 development 30

sounds 203

surface markings 199 valves 202–203

surgical approach 207 Heart rate 192–193 Hemicolectomy 258 Hemihepatectomy 263 Hemispheres

cerebellar 484

cerebral see Cerebral hemispheres Hepatectomy 263

Hernia

diaphragmatic 187 congenital 187 rolling type 187 sliding type 186, 187

femoral 115, 118 inguinal 228 physiological 240

Herpes zoster 353 Hiatus

sacral 437 semilunaris 374

Hiccup 187 Hilum

kidney 283 lungs 214, 216 spleen 270, 271

Hindbrain 455 Hindgut

blood supply 246 movements 241

venous drainage 246–247 Hip joint 127–130

blood supply 128–129 movements 129–130 nerve supply 129 relations 128

segmental innervation 15 stability 130

surgical approach 130 Hippocampus 466

Hook grip 90 Hordeolum (stye) 398

Horner's syndrome 95–96, 346, 408, 481, 494 Horns

of hyoid

greater 25, 512 lesser 25, 512

of lateral ventricle 466–467 anterior 467 inferior 468 posterior 468

of menisci 139

of spinal cord 487 anterior 487 lateral 487–488 posterior 487

of thyroid cartilage 391 Horseshoe kidney 286 Humoral antibody response 9

Hydrocele 230 Hymen 306, 322 Hypoblast 22–23

Hypospadias 29–30, 321 Hypothalamo–hypophyseal portal system 448, 470 Hypothalamus 470

Hysterectomy 305

I

Ilium 252, 254–255 Immune response 9 Impression, trigeminal 509 Incisions 2

abdominal 232–233

gridiron (McBurney's) 232–233 lumbar 233

midline 232 muscle-cutting

oblique (Rutherford Morrison's) 233 transverse 233

paramedian 232

right subcostal (Kocher's) 232 rooftop 232 thoracoabdominal 189

transverse (Pfannenstiel's) 233 Incisors 378, 379–380

Incisure

angular 249, 252 tentorial 440

Infratemporal region 361–364 Infundibulum

ethmoidal 374 pituitary 470

right ventricle (conus) 201 of uterine tube 303

Injection

gluteal region (buttock), intramuscular 127 hip joint 130

knee joint 141

Inlet

of larynx 392–393 thoracic 190–191

Inner cell mass (embryoblast) 22–23 Inspiration 182, 187, 188

Insula 456

Intermediate cell mass 23

Internal carotid artery occlusion 472 Intra-articular fibrocartilages 7

Intramuscular injection, gluteal region (buttock) 127 Iris 406, 407

control of pupil 407–408 Islets of Langerhans 267, 269 Isthmus

of auditory tube 417 oropharyngeal 381, 386 of thyroid gland 339

of uterine tube 303

J

Jejunum 252, 254–255 Joints 7

acromioclavicular 37, 43–44 ankle (talocrural) 15, 156–158 atlanto-occipital 426, 427 atlantoaxial 426, 427

lateral 426 median 426 calcaneocuboid 158

capsule 7 carpometacarpal 91

of thumb 91 carpus 91 cartilaginous 7

of costal heads 180 costochondral 180, 181 costotransverse 180, 181 costovertebral 180 cricoarytenoid 392 cricothyroid 392

elbow 14–15, 16, 37, 62–64 facet (zygapophyseal) 424 fibrous 7

forefoot 159–160 hip 15, 127–130 intercarpal 91, 107

interchondral 180, 181 interphalangeal

of foot 160 of hand 91 knee 15, 135–141

manubriosternal 180, 181 metacarpophalangeal 91 metatarsophalangeal, first 159–160 midcarpal 91, 107

midtarsal 158

of pectoral girdle 43–44 radioulnar 72–73

inferior 72 superior 72

sacrococcygeal 323, 325, 438 sacroiliac 111, 323–324

shoulder (glenohumeral) 16, 37, 46–50 sternoclavicular 37, 43, 217 sternocostal 180, 181

synovial 7 talocalcanean 158

talocalcaneonavicular 158 tarsal 158–159 tarsometatarsal 159

first 159 second 159

temporomandibular 411–413, 505, 507 tibiofibular 145

inferior 145 superior 145

uncovertebral (Luschka's) 424 vertebral 422

wrist (radiocarpal) 16, 78, 104 xiphisternal 180, 181

Juxtaglomerular apparatus 285

K

Kidneys 34, 233, 283–286 developmental anomalies 286 surgical approach 286

Killian's dehiscence 385 Klumpke's paralysis 96 Knee joint 135–141

blood supply 140 movements 140 nerve supply 140

segmental innervation 15 stability 140–141 surgical approach 141

Knock knee 34–35

L

Labia

majora 29–30, 322 minora 29–30, 322

Labour pain 303 Labrum

acetabular 127 glenoid 46

Labyrinth

ethmoidal 372, 376–377 membranous 418, 420–421 osseous 418–420

Labyrinthine ataxia 502 Lacrimal apparatus 398–399 Lacteals 278

Lambda 503

Lamella of vertebra 433, 434 intertubercular 432–433

Lamina(e) alar 492 basal 492

cribrosa 405

of cricoid cartilage 391–392 dental, primary 379 papyracea 376–377

propria 7, 248

of spinal cord 488 spiral 419

terminalis 466, 469, 470 of thyroid cartilage 391 vertebral 421–422

Large intestine 248, 255 Laryngopharynx 383, 387–388 Laryngotomy 396

Larynx 26–27, 34, 329, 391–393 cavity 393–394

depressors 337 development 398 functions 395–396 skeleton 391–393

Lateral medullary syndrome 481 Leg 111

anterior compartment 141–144 extensor compartment 142–144

lateral compartment 146

posterior compartment (calf) 146–151 Lemniscus

lateral 482

medial 477–478, 482 spinal 477–478, 482 trigeminal 482

Lens 409

Ligament(s); ligamentum 3, 7 acromioclavicular 43 alar 426, 427

annular 63

anococcygeal 291, 313–314 anterior of malleus 25 apical 427

arcuate

lateral 185, 272–274 medial 185, 272 median 185

arteriosum 31–32, 193 bifurcate 159

broad 234, 304 calcaneofibular 156 cervical (talocalcanean) 159 check 402

collateral

fibular 136–137 of fingers 91 radial 63

tibial 136 ulnar 63

conoid 44 coracoacromial 48 coracoclavicular 37, 44 coracohumeral 48 coronary 259 costoclavicular 37, 43 costocoracoid 39 costotransverse 181

lateral 181 superior 181

cricothyroid 391, 393 cricotracheal 391 cruciate 138–139, 140

anterior 138–139, 140

posterior 138–139, 140 cruciform 426, 506

deltoid 156 denticulate 453, 487

falciform 234, 241, 259 flava 3, 424 gastrosplenic 235, 242 glenohumeral 48 humeral, transverse 47

hyoepiglottic 391, 392, 512 iliofemoral (of Bigelow) 128 iliolumbar 323, 325 inguinal (of Poupart) 222 interclavicular 43, 217 interfoveal 227 intertransverse 424 intra-articular 180 intraspinous 424 ischiofemoral 128

lacunar (of Gimbernat) 222 lateral of ankle joint 156 longitudinal

anterior 272, 424 posterior 424

meniscofemoral 139 metacarpal

transverse

deep 89, 91 superficial 89

metatarsal 178 nuchae 3, 430 of ovary 305 palmar 91 palpebral 398

pectineal (of Astley Cooper) 222 perineal 317

periodontal 378 peritoneal 234 phrenicocolic 238 phreno-oesophageal 186 plantar

calcaneonavicular (spring) 158–159, 160 long 158

short (calcaneocuboid) 158 popliteal

arcuate 134, 138 oblique 123

pterygomaxillary 351, 505–506 pubic

arcute 325 superior 325

pubofemoral 128 pubovesical 296 pulmonary 212 radiate 180 retinacular 90

round 226–227, 228, 304 sacrococcygeal 325

lateral 438 sacroiliac 323–324 sacrospinous 123, 323, 324

sacrotuberous 123, 323, 324 sphenomandibular 25, 364, 412 splenorenal 235, 242 sternoclavicular 43 sternopericardial 197 stylohyoid 25, 507, 512 styloid 369

stylomandibular 330 supraspinous 424 suspensory

of axilla 39 of Berry 339 of Cooper 57 of lens 410

of Lockwood 402 of ovary 304, 305 of penis 319

talocalcanean interosseous 159 talofibular 156

temporomandibular, lateral 411, 511 teres

of head of femur 127

of liver 31, 241, 259, 266–267 thyroepiglottic 391, 392

tibiofibular 156 transverse 127

cervical (cardinal; Mackenrodt's) 304 cervical spine 426

inferior (tibiofibular) 156

of knee 139 trapezoid 44

of Treitz 253 triangular

left 259 right 259

umbilical

medial 31–32, 234 median 234

uterosacral 304 venosum 31, 241, 259

vestibular (false vocal cord) 392–393 vocal 393

Limb buds 13, 24 Limbic system 466 Limbs

nerve supply 13

pre/postaxial borders 13 see also Lower limb; Upper limb Limbus 200, 206, 405

Limen nasi 373 Linea

alba 224 aspera 170

Line(s)

arcuate 168, 222, 224 axial 13–14, 321 gluteal 165 intertrochanteric 170 midclavicular 221 mylohyoid 511

nuchal

inferior 506 superior 503, 506

oblique

external of mandible 510–511 of radius

anterior 103 posterior 103

pectinate (dentate) 315 pectineal 165–166, 168 semilunar 224

soleal 173, 175 spiral 170 supracondylar

lateral 170

medial 170 temporal 504–505 tension 2

of Toldt 241 Lingual thyroid 26 Lingula

of cerebellar vermis 485 of mandible 25, 511

of sphenoid 509 Lips 377–378

muscles 351, 352 red margin 378

Liver 34, 233, 241, 259–263 lobes 261

segments 261–262 Lobe(s)

of cerebellum

anterior 485–486 flocculonodular 485–486 posterior 485–486

of cerebral hemispheres 455 frontal 455, 456, 458

of liver 261

caudate 261–262 quadrate 261–262

of lungs 213

occipital 455, 458, 464 parietal 455, 456, 458 of pituitary 448 temporal 455, 456, 458 of thyroid gland 339

lateral 339 pyramidal 339

Lobules

hepatic 263 portal 263 of testis 230

Loop

of Henle 285

Meyer's 465 Loose-packed position 7 Lordosis 35

Lower limb 111–178 dermatomes 14 general plan 111

nerve injuries 163–164 newborn child 34–35

segmental innervation of movements 15 Lower motor neuron lesions 491

Lower motor neurons 489 Ludwig's angina 331 Lumbar puncture 454 Lumbar sympathectomy 282 Lungs 213–216

surgical approach 217 Lymph nodes 9

of arm 61

axillary 55–56, 57, 71, 179, 225 brachiocephalic 196, 206, 209 bronchiomediastinal 209 bronchopulmonary 216

buccal 410 cervical

anterior 410

deep 194, 208, 333, 340, 347, 375, 380, 382, 387, 390, 396, 410, 417 inferior 410–411

superior 410–411 of posterior triangle 333 superficial 410, 414

of Cloquet 118

coeliac 239–240, 247, 250, 254, 269 cystic 265

diaphragmatic 209, 212 epicolic 247, 294–295 gastric 250 gastroepiploic 250 hepatic 250, 262

hilar 216 iliac

external 228, 297, 303, 306, 307 internal 299, 303, 306, 307

infraclavicular 61, 71 infrahyoid 410 inguinal

deep 115, 319

superficial 114–115, 179, 225, 303, 319, 321 intercostal 184, 209, 212

intermediate 247, 255 jugulodigastric 382, 387, 410–411 jugulo-omohyoid 382, 410–411

mastoid (postauricular) 356, 410 mediastinal 208, 209, 212 mesenteric

inferior 239–240, 247, 258

superior 239–240, 247, 254, 258, 269 mural 247, 255

occipital 333, 356, 410, 414 pancreaticosplenic 250, 269, 271

para-aortic 228, 230, 278, 284, 287, 288, 303, 305 paracolic 247

pararectal 294–295

parasternal 57, 196, 209, 212 paratracheal 194, 209, 340 popliteal 134

preaortic 239–240, 247, 278, 294–295 preauricular 355, 359, 398, 410, 414, 417 prelaryngeal 340, 410

pretracheal 194, 340, 410

retropharyngeal 375, 377, 380, 386, 390, 410, 417, 418 submandibular 331–332, 338, 355, 375, 376, 377, 382, 398, 410 submental 331, 355, 382, 410

subpyloric 250 supratrochlear 61, 71 of thigh 114–115

tracheobronchial 196, 206, 208, 209 Lymphatics 1–2, 8

Lymphoid organs 9 Lymphoid tissue 9

bronchus-associated (BALT) 9 of gastrointestinal tract 247 gut-associated (GALT) 9 mucosa-associated (MALT) 9

M

Macula lutea 408 Maculae of inner ear 421 Malleolus

lateral 175 medial 171, 173

Manoeuvre

Kocher's 269–270, 288 Pringle's 262

Manubrium 217 March fracture 159 Margin

orbital 397 red of lips 378

Meatus acoustic

external 25, 33, 413, 414, 507 internal 451, 510

of nasal cavity middle 374

superior 373–374 urethral, external 307, 320

Mechanoreceptors, retroperitoneal 238 Meckel's diverticulum 254

Medial medullary syndrome 481 Mediastinum 189

anterior 189, 196 inferior 189 middle 189 posterior 189, 207

superior 189, 190–191 testis 230

Medulla

kidney 285

oblongata 474, 479–481 ovary 305–306

suprarenal gland 281–282, 288 Melanocytes 1

Membrane anal 29

atlanto-occipital 506 anterior 426 posterior 426

basilar 420 Bowman's 405 buccopharyngeal 24 cloacal 29

cricothyroid (cricovocal) 393 cricotracheal 392

Descemet's 405–406 intercostal

anterior 182 posterior 182

interosseous 72

tibiofibular joint 145 of larynx 392–393

extrinsic 392

intrinsic 392–393 mucous 7

of alimentary canal 248 of anal canal 315

of hard palate 380 laryngeal 394 middle ear 416

of nasal cavity 373 of oral cavity 378

of paranasal sinuses 375 of tongue 380

perineal 317, 320 pleuroperitoneal 187 quadrangular 391, 392–393 serous (serosa) 7–8 Shrapnell's 414–415 suprapleural 180, 184 synovial 7

tectorial 420, 506 cervical spine 426

thyrohyoid 391, 392, 512 tympanic 25, 33, 414–415

pars flaccida 414–415 pars tensa 414–415

urogenital 29–30 vestibular (Reissner's) 420

Ménière's disease 502 Meninges

cranial 439 spinal 453–454

Meningitis 416–417

Meningocoele 438 Meniscus 7

knee 139, 140–141 lateral 139 medial 139

Meralgia paraesthetica 112, 164 Mesentery 233, 234

oesophageal 187 Mesoappendix 234, 257 Mesocolon

sigmoid 234, 238, 241

transverse 234, 236, 241, 267–268 Mesoderm 23, 24, 379

lateral plate 24 paraxial 23

somatic (parietal) 24 splanchnic (visceral) 24

Mesogastrium

dorsal 239, 242 ventral 239, 263

Mesonephros 230, 231–232, 285 Mesorectum 293

Mesosalpinx 303 Mesovarium 304, 305 Metanephros 285, 286

Metaphysis 6 Micturition 297–298

Midbrain 455, 474, 476–478 Midgut 240–241

blood supply 244–245 rotation 240–241 venous drainage 245

Modiolus 351, 352, 419, 420 Molars 378, 379–380

Mons pubis 322 Morula 22 Mouth 377–380

development 28–29

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) 9 Muscle 4–5

of alimentary canal 248 antagonist 4–5

attachments (origin and insertion) 4–5 cardiac 4

fixators 4–5 non-striated 4 prime mover 4–5

segmental innervation 14–17 skeletal 4, 5

smooth 4

spindles 5, 17–18 striated 4 synergists 4–5

Muscles

of abdominal wall anterior 16–17

anterolateral 221–226 posterior 272–274

abductor

digiti minimi 86, 152 hallucis 152

pollicis

brevis 16–17, 84 longus 73, 76

adductor

brevis 121–122 hallucis 151, 153 longus 121 magnus 121, 122 pollicis 6, 86

anconeus 73, 76 arrector pili 1 articularis genu 120 aryepiglottic 394 arytenoid

oblique 394 transverse 394

biceps 14–15, 16–17, 37–38, 58 femoris 15, 130, 131–132

bipennate 4 brachialis 14–15, 58

brachioradialis 14–15, 73–74 buccinator 25, 351 bulbospongiosus 320, 322

of cheek 351 ciliary 406–407

coccygeus 289, 290, 291 constrictor

inferior 383, 384–385 middle 383, 384 superior 383–384

coracobrachialis 58 corrugator cutis ani 2, 315 cremaster 228 cricoarytenoid

lateral 394, 395 posterior 394–395

cricopharyngeus 384 cricothyroid 394, 395 dartos 2, 321

deltoid 16–17, 37–38, 44, 46 depressor

anguli oris 352 labii inferioris 352 septi 351

detrusor 298 digastric 335

anterior belly 25 posterior belly 25

dilator pupillae 407 erector spinae 428, 429 extensor

carpi

radialis

brevis 73, 74–75

longus 73, 74 ulnaris 73, 74, 75–76

digiti minimi 73, 74, 75 digitorum 16–17, 73, 74, 75

brevis 145–146 longus 142–144

hallucis longus 16–17, 142–144 indicis 73, 77

pollicis

brevis 73, 76 longus 73, 77

extraocular 399 of eyelid 350–351 of face 349–353 flexor

accessorius 152 carpi

radialis 64 ulnaris 50

digiti minimi 86 brevis 153

digitorum

brevis 151 longus 147, 149

profundus 16–17, 68 superficialis 64–66

hallucis

brevis 6, 152 longus 147, 149

pollicis

brevis 6, 84 longus 4, 68–69

of forearm

deep 68–69 superficial 64–66

gastrocnemius 6, 16–17, 147–148 gemellus 128

inferior 123, 125–126 superior 123, 125–126

genioglossus 381 geniohyoid 336 gluteus

maximus 123, 125 medius 123, 125 minimus 123, 125, 128

gracilis 121, 142 hamstrings 130–132 hyoglossus 381

iliacus 15, 117, 128, 274 iliococcygeus 290–291 iliocostalis 428, 429 incisivus labii 351 infrahyoid 335 infraspinatus 44, 45 intercostal

external 181, 182 innermost 181, 182, 183 internal 181, 182

interosseous

of foot 154–155 dorsal 155

plantar 154–155 of hand 90–91

dorsal 86–87 palmar 86, 87

interspinales 428 intertransversales 428 ischiocavernosus 320, 322 of larynx 394–396 latissimus dorsi 37, 40–42 levator

anguli oris 352

ani 289, 290–291, 304 costae 11, 182 glandulae thyroidea 339 labii superioris 352

alaeque nasi 351, 352 palati 25, 383, 388, 389 palpebrae

superioris 350, 351, 399, 400–401 scapulae 37, 42

of lip 351, 352 longissimus 428, 429

capitis 429 cervicis 429 thoracis 429

longus

capitis 346 colli 346

lumbricals

of foot 152

of hand 86, 90–91 masseter 25, 412

of mastication 412 mentalis 352 multifidus 428 multipennate 4

mylohyoid 25, 329, 335–336 nasalis

compressor naris 351 dilator naris 351

of neck 329, 335–337 strap 335

of nostrils 351 oblique

external 221–222 inferior 399, 401

internal 16–17, 221, 222 superior 399, 401

obliquus capitis inferior 430 superior 430

obturator

externus 121, 122, 128

internus 123, 125–126, 128, 289–290 occipitofrontalis 350, 351, 355–356 omohyoid 336–337

inferior belly 333 opponens

digiti minimi 86 pollicis 84

orbicularis

oculi 350 oris 351

palatoglossus 381, 388, 389 palatopharyngeus 383, 385, 388, 389 palmaris

brevis 2, 79–80 longus 66

papillary 200, 202 pectinate 199–200 pectineus 118, 128

of pectoral girdle 37–43 pectoralis

major 37, 38–39

minor 37, 39 perineal 16–17

transverse

deep 317 superficial 320

peroneus (fibularis) brevis 146 longus 6, 146

tertius 142–143, 144 of pharynx 383

piriformis 123, 125, 128, 289 plantaris 147–148

platysma 2, 25, 329 popliteus 134, 147 pronator

quadratus 69 teres 64

psoas

major 16–17, 118, 128, 272, 278 minor 272

pterygoid 25

lateral 361–362, 412 medial 362, 412

puboanalis 291 pubococcygeus 290–291 puboprostaticus 291 puborectalis 291 pubourethralis 291 pubovaginalis 291 pyramidalis 222–224 quadratus

femoris 123, 126 lumborum 272–274

quadriceps femoris 16–17, 119–120 rectourethralis 294

rectus

abdominis 222–224 capitis

anterior 345 lateral 345–346

posterior major 430 posterior minor 430 femoris 4, 119, 120, 128

inferior 399, 401, 403, 404 lateral 399, 401, 403

medial 399, 401, 403 superior 399, 401, 403, 404

of respiration 182 rhomboid 37

major 42 minor 42

risorius 352 rotatores 428

salpingopharyngeus 383, 385 sartorius 4, 117, 142 scalenus

anterior 346–349 medius 349 posterior 349

semimembranosus 130–131 semispinalis 428, 429

capitis 429 cervicis 429 thoracis 429

semitendinosus 130, 131, 142 serratus

anterior 37, 42–43 posterior 181, 182 inferior 182 superior 181

of shoulder 44–46 soleus 15, 147, 148 spinalis 428, 429 splenius 11, 428, 430

capitis 430 cervicis 430

stapedius 25, 416 sternocleidomastoid 5, 332–333 sternohyoid 336, 337 styloglossus 369, 381 stylohyoid 25, 335, 369

stylopharyngeus 25, 369, 383, 386 subarealoar of nipple 2

subclavius 37, 39 subcostal 181, 183 subscapularis 4, 44–45 supinator 73, 76 suprahyoid 335–336 supraspinatus 44, 45

suspensory of duodenum 253

temporal 25 temporalis 412 tensor

fascia lata 115–116 palati 25, 388, 389 tympani 25, 416

teres

major 44, 46 minor 44, 45–46

of thoracic wall 181–183 inner layer 182–183 middle layer 182 outer layer 181–182

thyroarytenoid 394, 395 thyroepiglottic 395 thyrohyoid 337 thyropharyngeus 384 tibialis

anterior 4, 6, 15, 16–17, 142–144 posterior 6, 15, 16–17, 147, 149–151

of tongue, intrinsic/extrinsic 381 trachealis 194–195 transversospinalis 428–429 transversus

abdominis 16–17, 221, 222 thoracis 181, 183

trapezius 5, 37, 39–40

triceps 14–15, 16–17, 37–38, 61 trigonal 298

unipennate 4

of uvula 388, 389 vastus

intermedius 119, 120 lateralis 119, 120 medialis 119, 120

vocalis 394 zygomaticus 352

Muscularis mucosae 7, 248 Myelin 10

Myelomeningocoele 438

Myometrium 303–304

Myotomes

cervical 187

occipital 383

N

Nails 1 Nares 371

Nasal placodes 28 Nasopharynx 383, 386–387 Neck

dermatomes 335

general topography 329–330 lymphatic drainage 410–411

surgical approach 411 musculature

at back 430–431 extensor 329 flexor 329

in newborn child 33–34

root of (thoracic outlet) 190–191, 346–349 superficial structures 329–330

tissue spaces 331–332 triangles 332–333, 344

anterior 332, 335, 344 carotid 344

digastric 344 muscular 344

posterior 332, 333–335, 344 submental 344

suboccipital 430–431 Nephrectomy 286 Nephrolithotomy 286

Nephron 285 Nephroptosis 284 Nerve 10–11

classification by conduction velocity 10 myelinated 10

unmyelinated 10 Nerve block

inferior alveolar 379 lingual 379

pudendal 312–313, 323 Nerve injury

axillary 96

brachial plexus 95–96 common peroneal (fibular) 164 cranial nerves 500

abducens 404, 501 accessory 502 facial 501–502

glossopharyngeal 502 hypoglossal 502

oculomotor 401, 404–405, 501 olfactory 500

optic 500–501 trigeminal 501 trochlear 404, 501 vagus 502 vestibulocochlear 502

femoral 163–164 laryngeal

external 396 recurrent 396

lateral femoral cutaneous 164 lower limb 163–164

median 97 musculocutaneous 96 obturator 164

radial 96 saphenous 164 sciatic 164 tibial 164 ulnar 96–97

Nerves

of abdomen

anterior wall 278 muscles 225

parasympathetic 280, 282 posterior wall 278–282 sympathetic 280–282

abducens (vi) 5, 401–402, 445, 450, 451, 497

accessory (xi) 5, 40, 332, 333, 366, 368, 451, 487, 499–500, 502 alveolar (dental)

inferior 365, 378, 497 superior 376, 378

anterior 375, 378–379, 496 inferior 379

middle 378–379, 496

posterior 364, 369, 378–379, 496 of anal canal 315–316

to anterior scalenus 346 auricular 499

great 334–335, 353, 414 posterior 352–353, 356, 498 of vagus (Arnold's) 367

auriculotemporal 354, 356, 359–360, 365, 412, 414, 415, 497 axillary 45, 46, 48–49, 94, 95, 96

circumflex 54, 55 of biliary tract 266

buccal 354, 364–365, 378, 497

dorsal 72, 94

palmar 72, 92, 94 of leg 141, 162

of perineum 312–313 of sole of foot 151 of thorax 183

digital 82, 84, 92 of epididymis 231 ethmoidal 377

anterior 375, 403, 442, 447, 495 posterior 403, 442, 496

glossopharyngeal (ix) 22, 25, 26, 366, 382, 386, 387, 451, 499, 502

posterior 306–307 lacrimal 353, 402, 495 of large intestine 258 laryngeal

external 339, 367–368, 386, 396, 499 internal 367–368, 382, 396, 499 non-recurrent 27

recurrent 27, 191–192, 194, 196, 208, 339, 347, 368, 386, 396, 499 superior 367–368, 499

to latissimus dorsi 54 of leg 163

to levator ani 291, 311 to levator scapulae 42 of limbs 13

muscles 14–17