КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2
Вариант 2
Topic “glonass”
A. Word study: before reading the text match the terms on the left with the explanation on the right.
1. |
a constellation |
a. |
a spaceship |
2. |
disrepair |
b. |
to prepare and arrange (units) for use |
3. |
a spacecraft |
c. |
an agent of transmission |
4. |
coverage |
d. |
a slope, or the angle of a slope |
5. |
a vehicle |
e. |
a number of like satellites that are part of a system. |
6. |
to deploy |
f. |
the area reached by a broadcasting station or advertising medium |
7. |
precision |
g. |
a group of solar collectors or solar modules connected together |
8. |
circular |
h. |
a broken or damaged state |
9. |
a solar array |
i. |
the quality of being very accurate and exact |
10 |
inclination |
j. |
in the shape of a circle |
Glonass
B. Reading and grammar: read the text and insert the missing prepositions by, in, of, into, for, at, with.
1. |
GLONASS is a radio-based satellite navigation system, developed … the former Soviet Union and now operated for the Russian government by the Russian Space Forces. |
2. |
Development on the GLONASS began … 1976. The constellation was completed … 1995, but the system rapidly fell … disrepair with the collapse … the Russian economy. |
3. |
Beginning … 2001, Russia committed to restoring the system … 2011, and in recent years has diversified, introducing the Indian government as a partner, and accelerated the program with a goal of global coverage … 2009. By 2010, GLONASS had achieved 100% coverage of Russia's territory. |
4. |
The satellites are located … middle circular orbit … 19,100 km altitude (a bit lower than the U.S. GPS satellites) with a 64.8 degree inclination and a period … 11 hours and 15 minutes. |
5. |
GLONASS' orbit makes it especially suited … usage … high latitudes (north or south), where getting a GPS signal can be problematic. |
6. |
The constellation operates … three orbital planes, with 8 evenly spaced satellites … each. |
7. |
A fully functional GLONASS constellation consists … 24 satellites, with 21 operating and three on-orbit spares, deployed in three orbital planes, while 18 satellites are necessary … covering the territory … Russia. |
8. |
To get a position fix, the receiver must be in the range … at least four satellites, three of which will be used to determine the user's location and the fourth to synchronise clocks … the receiver and the three other spacecraft. |
9. |
GLONASS satellites provide two types of navigation signals in the L1 and L2 sub-bands: a standard precision (SP) signal and a high precision (HP) signal. Since 2008, new CDMA signals are being researched for use with GLONASS. |
10. |
There were three generations … the satellites. The true first generation … Uragan satellites were all 3-axis stabilized vehicles, generally weighing 1,250-kg. These spacecraft demonstrated a 16-month average operational lifetime. |
11. |
The second generation of satellites, known as Uragan-M (also called GLONASS-M), possess a substantially increased lifetime … seven years and weigh slightly more - 1,480 kg. |
12. |
The latest designed generation of Uragan-K (GLONASS-K) spacecraft are the third generation … satellites. These satellites are designed … a lifetime of 10 to 12 years, a reduced weight of only 750 kg, and offer an additional L-Band navigational signal. As with the previous satellites, these are 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing … dual solar arrays. |
13. |
…present the GLONASS system can provide real time position and velocity determination … military and civilian users. |
C. Comprehension сheck.
Decide if these sentences are true (T) or false (F). |
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D. Grammar: replace the verb in italics with one of the following verbs of similar meaning: send out; break something down; work out; count on someone/something; hack into; note down; set about; check out; hand over; pass over.