In every contract there are Buyers and Sellers and these words can be used either with the definite article or without it. Nevertheless, they are always capitalised: Buyers, Sellers.

e.g. This contract is made between Rossexport, hereinafter called Sellers…

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…and India Electric Company, hereinafter referred to as the Buyers…

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Although in Russian it is always singular, in English it can be either singular or plural. That is why all variants are possible:

The Buyers – the Sellers; the Buyer – the Seller; Buyer – Seller.

The most common is the first variant though the others are also possible.

e.g. Should the Seller fail to notify the Buyer of a contingency…

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• If, however, they are to be shipped to Buyer who lives a considerable distance away… (absence of article)

The goods sold under the present contract are to be delivered by Sellers and accepted by Buyers. (absence of article)

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Definite article. Ships.

The definite article is also used with ships.

e.g. The S.S. Svir is to arrive on July, the 5^th.

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Definite article. Per, ex

Also the definite article is rarely used after prepositions of the Latin origin per and ex.

e.g. The goods were shipped per S.S. Svir.

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The wheat was delivered ex S.S. Svir.

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Absence of definite article.

The definite article is never used with nouns which are followed by a number in sizes, codes, etc.:

e.g. under Contract № 25; Order № 1015; our account No. 100/1066;

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under paragraph 9 of your General Conditions of the order;

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In accordance with clause 6 of the agreement.

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КОНТРАКТЫ И ИХ ИСПОЛНЕНИЕ

Read and translate each sentence:

A contract is a business agreement on work to be done, rates цена to be paid, goods to be sold or bought.

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Contracts are concluded______________________ either between companies in one and the same country, or internationally, i.e. between organizations of different countries.

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Every international contract has several standard parts which are obligatory______________________.

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Most frequently______________________ these necessary parts of the contract include the following:

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legal addresses of the contracting parties______________________,

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the subject matter of the contract, i.e., what this business agreement is about;

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usually this also includes the total amount of money___________________________________ involved and the denomination of goods наименование bought or sold under the provision по условию of this contract (or the type of service agreed upon) ______________________,

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a more detailed description______________________ of goods:

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their price, quality and quantity, _____________________________________________ packing and marking, etc.,

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the terms of delivery________________________________ (the most usual ones being F.O.B. фоб( ф.о.б.), F.O.R. фор ( ф.о.р. ), C.I.F. сиф (с.и.ф.), C. & F., F.LO.S., FI.O,, and others),

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the length of duration продолжительность of the contract, i.e. over what span of time промежуток времени the obligations arising out ______________________ of it are validдействительный, имеющий силу; правомерный,

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the terms and procedure порядок of payment, banking detailsподробности, arbitration, claims ______________________ and their settlement урегулирование, guarantee period (if any), other conditions.

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All contracts consist of clauses______________________, which are numbered, and sometimes of subclauses"______________________, and even of sub-subclauses as well.

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In the negotiations______________________ or correspondence ______________________ one can refer to ______________________ the specific clause and subclause, e.g. "according to the clause 7.5. of the contract number...", or "as specified указанный by clause 5,4.3. of the present contract...".

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Пропишите слова по строчке с переводом:

Rate_____________________________________________________________________________

Obligatory______________________________________________________________________

the contracting parties____________________________________________________________

the total amount__________________________________________________________________

denomination ____________________________________________________________________

under the provision_______________________________________________________________

по условию______________________________________________________________________

agreed upon______________________________________________________________________

F.O.B. ___________________________________________________________________________

F.O.R. ___________________________________________________________________________

C.I.F. ____________________________________________________________________________

Duration________________________________________________________________________

промежуток времени_____________________________________________________________

arisе out _________________________________________________________________________

действительный, имеющий силу__________________________________________________

порядок ________________________________________________________________________

подробности_____________________________________________________________________

settlement_______________________________________________________________________

specified________________________________________________________________________

refer to__________________________________________________________________________