Practical work no.12

Classification of homonyms according to Professor A.I. Smirnitsky’s classification system.

Objectives: to distinguish homonyms according to Professor A.I. Smirnitsky’s classification system.

Ex. 1.

A) Find the homonyms in the following extracts. Classify them into homonyms proper, homographs and homophones.

1. "Mine is a long and a sad tale!" said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and sighing. "It is a long tail, certainly," said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouse's tail; "but why do you call it sad?" 2. a) My seat was in the middle of a row. b) "I say, you haven't had a row with Coney, have you?" 3. a) Our Institute football team got a challenge to a match from the University team and we accepted it. b) Somebody struck a match so that we could see each other. 4. a) It was nearly December but the California sun made a summer morning of the season, b) On the way home Crane no longer drove like a nervous old maid. 5. a) She loved to dance and had every right to expect the boy she was seeing almost every night in the week to take her dancing at least once on the weekend, b) "That's right," she said

B) On what linguistic phenomenon is the joke in the following extracts based? What causes the misunderstanding?

- "Are your father and mother in?" asked the visitor of the small boy who opened the door.

- "They was in," said the child, "but they is out."

- "They was in. They is out. Where's your grammar?"

- "She’s gone upstairs," said the boy, "for a nap."

C) Classify the following italicized homonyms. Use Professor A. I. Smirnitsky's classification system.

1. a) He should give the ball in your honour as the bride. b) The boy was playing with a ball. 2. a) He wished he could explain about his left ear. b) He left the sentence unfinished. 3. a) I wish you could stop lying. b) The yellow mouse was still dead, lying as it had fallen in the crystal clear liquid. 4. a) This time, he turned on the light, b) He wore $ 300 suits with light ties and he was a man you would instinctively trust anywhere. 5. a) When he's at the door of her room, he sends the page ahead, b) Open your books at page 2. 6. a) Crockett's voice rose for the first time, b) I'll send you roses, one rose for each year of your life.

D) Explain the homonyms which form the basis for the following jokes. Classify the types as in part a.

1. An observing man claims to have discovered the colour of the wind. He says he went out and found it blew.

2. The difference between a cat and a comma is that a cat has its claws at the end of its paws, and a comma has its pause at the end of a clause.

Theme 5.2. Synonyms. Criteria of synonymy. Types of synonyms. Practical work no.13

Defining and grouping synonyms using different criteria of synonymy.

Objectives: to identify synonyms, to group synonyms according the criteria of synonymy.

Ex.1. In the following sentences, point out the general term.

Model: animal- dog, cat, horse, cow, sheep, pig.

1. The business part of the room had the usual furniture: an open cupboard with pigeon-holes, a folding wash-stand, some hard chairs, a standing desk of large dimensions covered with drawings and designs.

2. Twice a week they had to put through hotel linen - the sheets, the pillowslips, spreads, table-cloths and napkins.

3. The breakfast-service on the table was equally plain. The urn was of thick and solid silver, as were also the tea-pot, coffee-pot, cream-ewer, and sugar-bowl; the cups were old, dim dragon china.

4. Do you know this place? No, you never saw it, but you recognize the nature of these trees, his foliage, - the cypress, the willow, the yew.

Ex.2. Give synonyms to the following words:

to reply, to inquire, faith, error, beverage, to educate (a child); happiness, wicked, end, home, sick, present.

Ex. 3. Translate the following words into English and give as many synonyms to them as you can.

Просить, возможно, глупый, веселый, несчастье, начинать, выбирать, путешествие.

Ex. 4. Arrange the following synonyms according to their degree of intensity.

1. ask, implore, beg.

2. longing, desire, wish.

3. handsome, pretty, beautiful.

4. alarmed, frightened, terrified.

5. happiness, pleasure, delight.

6. excuse, pardon, forgive.

7. accident, misfortune, disaster.

8. malicious, naughty, nasty, wicked.

9. genius, capability, talent.

10.astonishment, consternation, surprise.

Ex. 5. The word said in the following paragraph is overworked. Other words would make the meaning of each sentence clearer and the entire paragraph more interesting. For each numbered word said choose the word from the line of words that has the some number. Select the word that makes the meaning more exact.

"What kind of entertainment shall we have for our class party?" John said (1). Tim and David thought for a while. "How about Punch-and-Jude show?" Tom said (2). 'That's a good idea!" David said (3). "Oh, no, that's too silly!" John said (4). "Why don't we act out a mystery instead?" Tim thought hard. Then said (5), “Let’s write our own play".

1. a)asked b)explained c)declared

2. a)announced b)suggested c)screamed

3. a)shouted b)asked c)consisted

4. a)consented b)objected c)whispered

5. a)replied b)insisted c)agreed

Ex.6. For each group of words in italics in the following sentences choose the one word from the three that could be used to say the same thing.

1) Jack helped Bill to squeeze together the suitcase so he could lock it.

a) compress b)enclose c)prepare

2) "The only way to get rid of the mess in this room is to throw out the oldest furniture, "Donald said.

a) rebuild b)eliminate c)prevent

3) Australia is known as the island continent because water is all around it.

a) hides b)covers c)surrounds

4) Your body can take in the sun's heat rays.

a) absorb b)swallow c)refuse

5) You can accept as true that he is an honest man.

a) reveal b)assume c)explain