IX. Read the Supplementary Text 1 and summarize it:

The industrial heartland of the country is the Donets Coal Basin. It is the most densely populated and highly industrialized region of the country and one of the world’s major metallurgical and heavy industry complexes. The basin has large iron and steelworks, and plants that produce mining equipment, other types of heavy machinery and a variety of chemicals.

Ukraine has a major ferrous-metals industry, and it rivals China as the fourth largest steel producer in the world. Another important branch of the economy is mining. Its main products are coal, natural gas and iron ore. The most prominent manufactured goods include metallurgical equipment, diesel locomotives, tractors and TV sets. Ukraine also has well-developed chemical and food industries. There are more than 50 plants that produce a wide range of agricultural equipment. The growing importance of consumer goods is reflected in the increasing output of cameras, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.

Ukraine has a well-developed transportation system.

Read the Supplementary Text 2 and summarize it:

Owing partly to rich soils and a favourable climate, Ukraine’s crop production is highly developed. Its grain and potato output almost rivals that of France and our country is the world’s largest producer of sugar beets. Ukraine’s livestock sector lags behind the crop sector, but its total output is still considerably larger than those of most European countries.

The chernozem (black) soils of the forest-steppe zone are among the world’s more productive farmlands and are exceptionally good for wheat and sugar beet. Besides wheat, Ukraine produces such grains as barley (mostly for animal feed), buckwheat and rice. Other crops include potatoes, vegetables, berries, fruit, nuts and grapes. Truck farming or market gardening is particularly developed on the outskirts of large cities like Kyiv, Kharkiv and others.

Cattle and pigs are raised throughout Ukraine, while chicken, geese and turkey are kept for meat and egg production. There are many large-scale broiler and egg-laying farms close to big cities. Bees are kept in all parts of Ukraine for honey and wax.

Though the collective and state farms remain in the country, the declared intent of the Ukrainian government is to bring about a gradual privatization of farming, but it is a difficult and costly process.

The main fishing grounds are the Black Sea estuaries and the Sea of Azov, though the latter is heavily polluted by chemical fertilizers and pesticides. All the main rivers are full of fish but they also suffer from pollution, too.

Unit 5. Economy of Kharkiv

I. Words and word combinations to remember:

belong to branch basis brewing confectionery constitute contribute equipment enterprise exploration joint-stock company infrastructure item knitted fabrics middle-scale business pastry provide researcher turbine tool vehicle

належати галузь основа, база пивоваріння кондитерські вироби становити робити внесок обладнання, оснащення підприємство дослідження акціонерна компанія інфраструктура, основа предмет трикотажні вироби середній бізнес кондитерські вироби забезпечувати дослідник турбіна інструменти транспортний засіб (авто, вагон, візок)