- •The sentence
- •Classifications of the sentence
- •1. Structural classification of the sentence
- •2. Classification according to the purpose of utterance
- •Word order
- •The position of objects
- •2. The position of attributes
- •3. The position of adverbial modifiers
- •Inversion
- •The compound sentence
- •The complex sentence
- •Nominal clauses
- •Subject clauses
- •2. Object clauses
- •3. Predicative clauses
- •Attributive clauses
- •Adverbial clauses
- •Adverbial Clauses of Time
- •Adverbial Clauses of Place
- •Adverbial Clauses of Manner
- •Adverbial Clauses of Comparison
- •Adverbial Clauses of Condition
- •6. Adverbial Clauses of Concession
- •7. Adverbial Clauses of Purpose
- •8. Adverbial Clauses of Cause (Reason)
- •9. Adverbial Clauses of Result (Consequence)
- •10. Adverbial Clauses of Degree
- •Pseudo-complex sentences
- •Emphatic (or Cleft) Sentence.
- •2. Appended Clauses
- •3. Parenthetical (Comment) Clauses
- •The predicate
- •Structural classification of the predicate
- •The compound verbal modal predicate
- •The double predicate
- •Mixed types of the predicate
- •Agreement of the predicate with the subject
- •The object
- •Types of object
- •The indirect object
- •Absolute constructions
- •1. The nominative absolute participial construction
- •The nominative absolute construction
- •The prepositional absolute participial construction
- •The prepositional absolute construction
- •Exercises
- •Very simple sentence
- •Word order and word disorder
- •Inversion
- •The compound sentence
- •The complex sentence
- •The predicate
- •Agreement of the predicate with the subject
- •The object
- •Absolute constructions
- •References
- •Contents
- •Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
- •Практический синтаксис английского языка
Absolute constructions
Ex. 1. Define kinds of absolute constructions. State their functions. Translate into Russian.
All the money having been spent, Mr Smith started looking for work.
Sir Charles walked past, his suitcase dragging behind him on the pavement.
The whole overhead was occupied by the sky, serene, impenetrable, ineffable and incomparable, with a fine island of clouds anchored in the calm two yards to the right of Mr Jarvis's outhouse.
A car roared past with smoke pouring from the exhausts.
With Peter working in Birmingham, and Lucy travelling most of the week, the house seems pretty empty.
He seems to speak eagerly, his words coming out as if they had been imprisoned in his mouth for a thousand years.
The ground was muddy, and she hadn't run for a month, so her speed was really quite good, all things considered.
This is in part because the European Community legislation here is autonomous, there being no international agreement on this matter in 1968.
This being so, it is clear that the ordinary means of knowing are incompetent to reality.
At daybreak on the morning of Friday, August 3, 1492, an Italian adventurer named Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain to find a new way from Europe to Asia, his aim being to open up a shorter trade route between the two continents.
The time of the day was now a dark time, the sun being about to vanish completely in the red west and withdraw all the light.
Christmas only once a year, Mr Bean was busy buying presents.
The resolution having been put to the vote, the chairman refused to allow any further discussion of the matter.
Mrs Schlagbaum, her eyes watering, watched streams of television.
The defunct cuckoo clock still haunted the high corner misted with cobwebs, the television set cracking with ignored news.
The man in the mirror was hunched, a shadow ready to spring, sunless daylight filtering into the room behind him.
Its name beginning with two “A”s, the aardvark is commonly the first animal in dictionaries, ranking ahead of the aardwolf.
18. Nobody having any more to say, the lesson was over.
Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using Absolute Constructions.
1.The students were very keyed up about the exam. 2. Everything's gonna be alright. 3. I am going to fly off at a tangent. 4. There is no simple nostrum for this problem. 5. At last it's come home to us that they've been tricking us all the time. 6. Geoffrey was in the clean. 7. The funny thing about regret is that it's better to regret something you have done than to regret something you haven't. 8. Paris is said to be the capital of the French Republic. 9. No waiver of any rights shall be effective unless assented to in writing by the party to be charged and the waiver of any breach or default shall not constitute a waiver of any other right hereunder of any subsequent breach or default. 10. Nostalgia is like a grammar lesson: you find the past perfect and the present tense.
Ex. 3. Translate into English using Absolute Constructions.
1. Излучение или поглощение света происходит при переходе атома из одного стационарного состояния в другое, а энергия излучаемого или поглощаемого фотона равна разности энергий стационарных состояний. (Постулат Бора) 2. Из корпуса А в корпус Б шли студенты группы 41, а им навстречу из корпуса Б в корпус А шли студенты группы 42. 3. Так как всё было съедено, есть было нечего. 4. Когда наступила зима, студенты поскользили в тверской государственный университет. 5. 31 октября 2002 года матч чемпионата Мадагаскара по футболу между клубами ADEMA и Stade Olympique de l’Emyrne закончился со счётом 149:0, при этом все голы были забиты в свои ворота. 6. Если погода позволит, московские колхозники снова перевыполнят план по сдачи морской капусты государству. 7. Когда заканчивается четвёртая пара, начинается пятая пара. 8. Огромный пылающий каркас солнца неторопливо приближался к зениту, потом замер в неподвижности, выпаривая континентальные водоёмы, а башенные и стенные часы города пробили три раза. 9. Небо висело совсем низко, красные птицы едва не задевали телеграфные провода, поднимаясь и опускаясь вместе с ними от столба к столбу, а их пронзительные крики отражались в свинцовой воде луж. 10. Когда нечего сказать, трудно говорить. 11. Поскольку экзамен по методике был сдан, никто не помнил методику.