18. The law of tolerance (law Шелфорда):

The limiting factor of prosperity of an organism can be at least, and the maximum of ecological influence, a range between which defines a degree of endurance (tolerance) of an organism to the given factor.

According to the law any surplus of substance or energy in ecological sistems becomes its enemy, polluter.

19. The law exhaustion of a ground (reduction of fertility):

Gradual decrease in natural fertility grounds occurs because of their long use and infringement of natural processes of soil formation, and also owing to long cultivation of monocultures (as a result of accumulation of toxic substances which are allocated with plants, the rests of pesticides and mineral fertilizers).

20. The law of ecological correlation:

In экосистеме, as well as in any other system, all kinds of alive substance and abiotichtcal ecological components functionally answer one another.

Drop - out of one part of system (kind) inevitably leads to deenergizing of other parts connected with it ecological sistem and functional changes.

Scientific community four laws of ecology of American scientist B.Kommonera are widely known also:

1) all connected with all;

2) all should disappear somewhere;

3) the nature "knows" better;

4) nothing is passed vainly (it is necessary to pay for all).

As marks M. Реймерс, B.Kommonera's first law faithful to the law of the internal dynamic balance, the second - to the same law, the law of development of natural system due to an environment, the third - warns us against self-confidence, the fourth - again mentions problems which generalize the law of internal dynamic balance, laws константности and developments of natural system. Under B.Kommonera's fourth law we should return to the nature that we take from it, differently accident eventually inevitable.

Additional ecological laws

1. The Law of occurrence, occurrence new.

The whole always has the special properties which are absent at its parts.

2. The Law of a necessary variety.

The system cannot consist of absolutely identical elements.

3. The Law of irreversibility of evolution.

The organism cannot return to a former condition of its ancestors.

4. The Law of complication of the organization.

Development of alive organisms leads to complication of their organization, bodies and functions.

5. The Law of non-uniformity of development of parts of system.

This law is connected with the law of a variety. (an example: the monkey - the person).

6. The Law of preservation of a life.

The life can exist, if through an alive body the substance, energy, the information moves.

7. The Law of a maximum of energy and the information.

In a competition of kinds the one who as much as possible uses energy and the information survives.

8. A rule of biological strengthening.

The above a level of a biological pyramid, the more than toxic and radioactive waste.

8. The Law of a boomerang.

Everything, that is taken from biosphere by the person, should be returned to it.

9. The Principle of deceptive well-being.

Successes from introduction of new technologies force to forget about negative consequences.

10. The Principle of remoteness of events.

Descendants will understand all.

Thus, the circle of problems of modern ecology very wide also covers practically all questions which mention mutual relations of a human society and a habitat, and also a problem of harmonization of these attitudes. From especially biological science which was ecology of all any 30 - 40 years ago, today it became a many-sided complex science which overall objective is development of scientific bases of rescue of mankind and environment its existence - biospheres of a planet, rational wildlife management and wildlife management. Nowadays ecological education covers all layers of the population on a planet. The knowledge of laws of harmonization, beauty and rationality of the nature will help mankind to find true ways of an output from ecological crisis. Changing and in the further natural conditions (the society cannot live differently), people will be compelled to do it providing far prospect and leaning on knowledge of the basic ecological laws.