1. Write the correct names of the monuments under the pictures.

Chartres Saint-Denis Notre Dame de Paris

_____________	____________	___________________

2. What do these numbers in the text refer to? Find the statements and translate them.

1140 and 1144 400 2000 12 1279

3. Correct the false statements.

1. Gothic was a style that glorified man and humbled God.

2. Gothic architecture is usually associated with Islam.

3. The Chartres has survived wars and other catastrophes to become the oldest surviving synagogue in Europe.

4. Many Gothic cathedrals are heavily ornamented with beautiful goddesses.

5. The sculptures protected the foundation from German "Goth" barbarians.

4. Match the first part of the sentence in a with the end of the sentence in b.

A	B
In order to prevent the outward collapse of the arches,	but builders of the day did not capitalize on the advantages of this shape.
Yet, with its innovative engineering,	the style was a testament to human ingenuity.
Gothic buildings were based on	the traditional plan used by basilicas.
The style found expression in	town halls, royal palaces, courthouses, hospitals, castles, bridges and fortresses.
Structures in Romanesque style often included pointed arches,	Gothic architects began using a revolutionary "flying buttress" system.

5. Choose the right variant of the titles for these parts.

1. Difference between Romanesque style and Gothic

2. Spreading of Gothic

3. The frame of Gothic buildings

4. Value of sculptures

1. In addition to religious figures, many Gothic cathedrals are heavily ornamented with strange, leering creatures. These gargoyles are not merely decorative. Originally, the sculptures were waterspouts to protect the foundation from rain. Since most people in medieval days could not read, the carvings took on the important role of illustrating lessons from the scriptures.

2. Structures in Romanesque style often included pointed arches, but builders of the day did not capitalize on the advantages of this shape. Gothic builders discovered the amazing strength and stability of pointed arches. In Gothic buildings, the weight of the roof was supported by the arches rather than the walls. This meant that walls could be thinner.

3. Romanesque churches relied on barrel vaulting. Gothic builders introduced the dramatic technique of ribbed vaulting. While barrel vaulting carried weight on continuous solid walls, ribbed vaulting used columns to support the weight. The ribs also delineated the vaults and gave a sense of unity to the structure. In order to prevent the outward collapse of the arches, Gothic architects began using a revolutionary "flying buttress" system. Freestanding brick or stone supports were attached to the exterior walls by an arch or a half-arch.

4. Gothic architecture reigned for 400 years. It spread from northern France, swept throughout England and Western Europe, crept into Scandinavia and Central Europe, and even found its way into the Near East. However, the 14th century brought a devastating plague and extreme poverty. Building slowed, and by the end of the 1400s, Gothic architecture was replaced by other styles.