- •Verbs not normally used in the Continuous Tenses
- •I'll be looking out for you at two o'clock. We'll be playing all morning.
- •The imperative mood (наказовий спосіб)
- •The Article
- •Неозначений артикль а, an вживається:
- •Означений артикль the вживається:
- •The pluraln of nouns
- •But: photos, pianos, kilos, kimonos, solos, sopranos, dinamos
- •Degrees of comparison of adverbs and adjectives The positive degree – the comparative degree – the superlative degree Synthetic forms
- •Analytical forms
- •Структура речення
- •1. Розповідне речення
- •2. Заперечне речення
- •3. Питальне речення
- •3.2 Спеціальне питання
Структура речення
1. Розповідне речення
a) He is a student.
b) It was a very interesting film.
c) There are address books on the shelf.
d) The secretary leaves a detailed report on his desk every day.
1.1
Підмет + присудок + додаток + обставина (способу дії, місця, часу). |
1.2
Підмет |
присудок |
додаток |
обставина (часу) |
||
непрямий
|
прямий |
||||
означення |
|
||||
She |
gave |
me |
a beautiful |
flower |
in the morning. |
2. Заперечне речення
2.1Підмет + (присудок + not) + інші члени речення. |
a) He isn’t a student.
b) It wasn’t a very interesting film.
c) There aren’t address books on the shelf.
2.2
Підмет +((допом. дієслово + not)+ смислове дієслово)+ ін. члени речення. |
d) The secretary doesn’t leave a detailed report on his desk every day.
3. Питальне речення
3.1 Загальне питання
Присудок + підмет + інші члени речення ? |
a) Is he a student?
b) Was it a very interesting film?
c) Are there address books on the shelf?
Допоміжне дієслово + підмет + смислове дієслово + інші члени речення ? |
d) Does the secretary leave a detailed report on his desk every day?
3.2 Спеціальне питання
3.2.1 До підмета
Питальний займенник (замість підмета) + присудок + інші члени речення ? |
a) Who is a student?
d) Who leaves a detailed report on his desk every day?
3.2.2 До інших членів речення
Питальний займенник + допом. дієслово + підмет + смислове дієслово + …? |
c) What are there on the shelf?
d) What does the secretary leave on his desk every day?
d) Where does the secretary leave a detailed report every day?
Час
Indefinite
/
Simple
(факти,
повторювані
дії, характеристика)
Допоміжне
дієслово
Continuous
(дії,
що відбуваються у певний момент чи
період)
be
+ V-ing
Perfect
(дії,
що
передують
певному
моменту чи
дії)
have
+ Participle
II
esent
I ask
We,
you, they ask
Не,
she, it asks
do
do
does
I
am
We,
you, they
are
Не,
she, it
is
asking
I
have
We,
you, they
have
Не,
she, it
has
asked
Past
I
Не,
she, it
We, you, they
asked
did
I
was
Не,
she, it
was We,
you, they
were
asking
I
Не,
she, it
We, you, they
had
asked
Future
I
shall
/ will
We
shall
/ will
He,
she,
it
will
ask
I
shall
We,
you, they
shall
Не,
she, it
will
be
asking
I
shall
we,you,they
shall
Не,
she, it
will
have
asked |
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Future forms
will
Tomorrow will be warm and sunny. What time will she be back? I'm sure you'll pass your exam. 2. Will (‘ll) expresses an intention or decision made at the moment of speaking. I’ll give you my phone number. Ring me tonight. I'll phone back later. |
going to 1. Going to expresses future plans, intention or decision made before the moment of speaking. We're going to have a holiday in Sicily this summer. My daughter's going to study modern languages at Bristol University. 2. We use going to when we can see that something is certain to happen. Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. She is going to have a baby. |
Present Continuous The Present Continuous can be used to express a future arrangement between people. It is common with verbs such as go, come, see, visit, meet, have (a party), leave. It usually refers to the near future. Pat and Peter are coming for dinner tonight. I am seeing the doctor in the morning. Sometimes there is little or no difference between a future intention (going to) and a future arrangement (Present Continuous). We're going to see a play tonight. We're seeing a play tonight. |
Present Simple 1. Present Simple expresses a future event as a part of fixed timetable or programme. The last train leaves at 11.30 He flies to London next Sunday. We use Present Simple for future in adverbial clauses of time and condition. I’ll buy that novel when it comes out. If it rains tomorrow, we shan’t go to the forest. |