The pluraln of nouns

1. a book + -s – books

a table + -s – tables

2. a class + -es – classes

a box + -es – boxes

a dish + -es – dishes

a match + -es – matches

3. a family + -es – families

a day + -s – days

4. a tomato + -es – tomatoes

But: photos, pianos, kilos, kimonos, solos, sopranos, dinamos

5. a wife + -s – wives

a shelf + -es – shelves

But: chiefs, handkerchiefs, roofs, proofs, safes

6. a man – men

a woman – women

a foot – feet

a tooth – teeth

a goose – geese

a mouse – mice

a louse – lice

a child – children

an ox – oxen

a person – people

7. a datum – data

a phenomenon – phenomena

a basis – bases

a nucleus – nuclei

a formula – formulae

8. a boy-friend – boy-friends

a man-of-war – men-of-war

a son-in-law – sons-in-law

a passer-by – passers-by

a forget-me-not – forget-me-nots

9. sheep, deer, fish, swine, fruit, hair

10. advice, information, progress, knowledge, experience, money, rubbish

11. news, wages, contents,

billiards, dominoes, darts etc.

12. pants, pyjamas, trousers, glasses, spectacles, scissors etc.

13. clothes, goods, stairs, savings, arms, surroundings etc.

Degrees of comparison of adverbs and adjectives The positive degree – the comparative degree – the superlative degree Synthetic forms

1. dark – darker – darkest

hot – hotter – hottest

2. clever – cleverer – cleverest

simple – simpler – simplest

narrow – narrower – narrowest

heavy – heavier – heaviest

3. po`lite – po`liter – po`litest

4. good – better – best

well

bad – worse – worst

badly

old – older – oldest

elder – eldest

far – farther – farthest

further – furthest

little – less – least

many – more – most

much

Analytical forms

1. `famous – more/less `famous – most/least `famous

2. quietly – more/less quietly – most/least quietly

But: early – earlier – earliest

3. difficult – more/less difficult – most/least difficult

NUMERALS

Cardinal numerals (кількісні числівники)

• Simple (прості) 1-12; 100; 1,000; 1,000,000

• Derived (похідні)

1) 13-19 – -teen

Roots changed: three – `thir`teen; five – `fif`teen

2) tens – -ty

Roots changed: two – `twenty; three – `thirty; four – `forty; five – `fifty

• Composite (складені)

235 – two hundred and thirty-five

4,007 – four thousand and seven

1,694 – a (one) thousand six hundred and ninety-four

7,581,462 – seven million five hundred and eighty-one thousand four hundred and sixty-two

Years

1800 – eighteen hundred

1675 – sixteen seventy-five

1905 – nineteen hundred and five (nineteen five)

Telephone numbers

8 0512 39 77 46 – eight, O [ou]/zero five one two, three nine, double seven, four six

Other cases

Page twenty Chapter five Room three

Part two Act one Size forty-two

Ordinal numerals (порядкові числівники) – th

• Simple

  • first, second, third

  • – th

Roots changed: five – fifth, twelve – twelfth, nine – ninth

• Derived

Sixty – sixtieth

• Composite

Three hundred and sixty-fourth

Dates

17/9/1995 – the seventeenth of September nineteen ninety-five / September the seventeenth nineteen ninety-five

Fractions (прості дробі)

Numerator – cardinal

Denominator – ordinal

1/7 – one seventh

½ – a half (one half)

¼ – a quarter (one quarter)

1 ¾ – one and three quarters

3/7 – tree sevenths

3 4/5 – three and four fifths

Decimals (десяткові дробі)

35.204 – three five point two nought four

0.71 – (nought) point seven one

0

• [ou]

• telephone numbers

• years

• account numbers

• nought [no:t](Br.) / zero [`zierou] – decimals

• [nil] football

[lΛv] tennis