Exercise 3. Define the part of speech and translate the following words into Russian. Complete the lines of derivatives, if possible.

successful – success – successfully

depend – dependful – independent – dependence

care – careful – carefully – careless - carefulness

propel – propeller – propelling

reduce – reduction – reduced, reducing

mobilization - mobile – mobility

solve - solvent - soluable

defend – defiance – defiant – defence

cost – costliness – costless – costly

innovate – innovator – innovation

clear – clearly – clearness

revolt – revolution – revolutionize

moment – momentary – momentarily

sudden – suddenly – suddenness

disagree – disagreement – disagreeable

excel – excellent – excellently

radiate – radiance – radiation

response – responsible – responsibility

object – objective – objectivity

economy – economic – economically

regular – regulate – irregular – regularity - regularly

Exercise 4. Fill in the gaps with an appropriate derivative. Translate the sentences into Russian.

reflect, reflection, reflector, reflective ,reflects

1. Mirrors . . . the rays of the sun.

2. He saw his ... in the mirror.

3. Mirror served as a ... of the rays of the sun.

4. Mirror … the rays of the sun owing to its ... qualities.

consumes, consumption, consumer

1. The engine . . . little fuel.

2. The ... of fuel was low.

3. Motor industry is a great … of fuel.

defined, definition, definite, define

1. Let us … the regulations first and then start the game.

2. Nobody of those present knew how this physical phenome­non could be ... .

3. The . . . given in the old texbook was wrong.

4. I hope someone can give me a … answer to my question.

uniform, uniformity, uniformly

1. All pieces of metal were of ... size.

2. Temperature conditions in both chambers were….

3. ... of conditions in both chambers was kept up by special devices.

relative, relatively, relativity, relation

1. It was a ... easy task.

2. Einstein's theory established the ... of time and space.

3. He tried to establish the . . . between these two groups of factors.

4. The speed of the comet . . to the earth was great.

efficient, efficiently, efficiency

1. He is very ... in his work.

2. The work was being carried out most .....

3. The ... of the new method was proved beyond doubt.

reduce, reduction, reduced

1. The . . . level of water made crossing the river easier.

2. The lack of raw materials caused the ... of the output.

3. In the series of tests we shall . . . the temperature and see what changes in the material will appear.

arrange, arrangement, arranged

1. Annual simposium is ... to begin in September.

2. The ... of parts in the engine was conventional.

3. Let's . . . the words in the alphabetical order.

Exercise 5. Define what part of speech a word in italics is. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The measurements obtained from the testing machines are not always exact.

2. We describe now the most difficult part of our work, that is the selection of two-level systems.

3. This process causes a sudden increase in the sound speed.

4. The rate of chemical reaction is measured by the change in the concentration of one of the reactants or one of the products, per unit of time.

5. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success.

6. The oceans attain their greatest depths not in their central parts, but in certain elongated furrows, called deeps.

7. There are about ten chemical elements which remain permanently in gaseous form in the atmosphere under all natural conditions.

8. Your judgement should be based on what this company offers to you and how this offer meets your needs.

9. To provide a basis for comparing their capabilities, computers are generally grouped into four basic categories.

10. Industry must recognize that a graduate will need training in the specific area of his work and must also be prepared to encourage him to attend education courses or seminars as appropriate.

11. The scientific and technological progress will continue in engineering firstly in automation and secondly, in the further development of reliability and longer service life of equipment.

12. Since steel is the most popular structural material available, steelmakers do their best to meet the changing needs of the market.

13. But because magnesium is difficult to convert to a useful metal, it may cost several times that of the least expensive metal, iron billet.

14. Metal fibers are used in high-strength, high-temperature, light-weight composite materials for aerospace applications.

15. The amount of water vapor and its variations in amount and distribution are of extraordinary importance in weather changes.

16. The success of the discussion on protein structure exceeded all expectation.

17. Oxygen is very active chemically, meaning that it readily combines with other elements in a process called oxidation.

18. An atomic explosion occurs as a slow chain reaction of splitting atoms.

19. Melting is a conversion of a solid to a liquid.

20. We informed the suppliers that some goods, which were urgently needed, had not been delivered yet.

21. Special attention has been paid to the packing of the new equipment.

22. The primary role of the hearth is to contain liquid iron.

STEP 3

1. Translate the following texts in written form paying attention to passive

forms:

1. The simplest particle accelerator consists of a glass vessel containing two electrodes to which a potential difference is applied. The particles which must be charged are intro­duced into the tube and are attracted towards one or other of the electrodes, gaining energy as they approach it.

2. Atoms are so small that all our knowledge of their structure and behaviour must be obtained indirectly. The electrons which are responsible for most of the chemical and physical properties of an element are easily displaced or detached and a good deal of information about the outer parts of the atom can be collected by moderately simple techniques. Study of the nucleus is more difficult, for the particles comprising it are very firmly bound together and only the most vigorous disturbance will separate them. A common and fruitful method of investigation is the exposure of suitable targets to bombardment with high-energy particles or radiations and a variety of particle accelerators have been devised for this purpose during the last twenty-five years.

3. Recently much attention has been given to the study of this phenomenon. In this paper new experimental observations are pre­sented and discussed. The data have been obtained, assuming a new model of the mechanism involved, which was suggested in an earlier study by the author. The measurements have been carried out with a conventional apparatus slightly modified by the author. All possible sources of error are taken into account and considera­tion is given to the advantages and shortcomings of the present approach. The results are analysed and the analysis, is followed by a comparison of the data obtained with those available in literature. It is hoped that the disagreement may be accounted for by an im­proved experimental technique of the present investigation.

2. Render the following sentences in English using the Passive