6. Look at the graph below and complete the sentences with to, at, of, by.

1. At the beginning of 2002 sales stood … 300 units.

2. Over the next 12 months sales dropped … 200 units.

3. Sales levelled off … 200 units for 12 months.

4. Sales rose … 200 units during 2004.

5. At the beginning of 2005 they reached a peak … 400 units.

6. During 2005 they decreased … 300 units.

7. Then there was a rise … 50 units in 2006.

8. During 2007 sales levelled off … 350 units.

7. Put the parts of a sentence in the correct order and describe the graph below.

1. sales/100 units/At the beginning of the year 2002/sharply/stood at/and rose

2. Sales /at 200 units/remained constant /by the middle of /2003

3. rapid/ In the middle of 2003/there was a/50 units /drop of

4. dramatically/At the beginning of 2004/grew/400 /and reached/sales/a peak of

5. over/There was a/decline of 50 units/slight/the first half of the year

6. fluctuated/Sales/during 2 years/by the end of 2006

7. by 200 units/dropped /sharply/Sales/to 150/by the middle of 2007

8. by 2008/There was a/decline/over 6 months/steady

8. Read a part of a business plan and draw the graph of the rate of inflation.

Let us look briefly at the way inflation has developed during the period 2001-2006. On the graph in front of you, the horizontal axis represents the years from 2001 to 2006 divided up into six-monthly periods. The vertical axis shows the percentage rate of inflation from zero to 25. Let us now look in detail at the development.

If we start with 2001, you can see that at the beginning of the year inflation stood at 5%. It increased steadily over the next 12 months to 8%. The situation improved at the beginning of 2002 and it levelled off for a six months period. The improvement continued and inflation decreased gradually by 2% during the rest of the year. Unfortunately, as you can see, the decline was not maintained and over the next six months inflation rose slightly and reached 9% by the middle of 2003. Then things went bad - I’m sure you will remember how inflation went up dramatically to 17% during the next 12 months and the effects this had on our exports. After a drop of 3% over the second half of 2004 when we all thought that things were improving, inflation increased rapidly until it reached a peak of 24% in the middle of 2005. This marked the low point for us and the high point for inflation. It then fell to 20% by the end of 2005 and levelled off until the middle of 2006. Now let’s look at our results during the same period…

9. What kind of movement do the verbs below describe? Match them to the symbols. Use some symbols more than once.

double gain drop increase rocket decrease fall halve level off triple hit the bottom fluctuate improve peak rise plummet recover soar collapse stabilise

1 )	2 ) 4 2	3 )	4 )
5 ) 4 2	6 )	7)	8 )
		6 3

G . Describe the graphs. Use the expressions from task I.

Events that influenced sale:

1^st Quarter: Low consumer demand

2^nd Quarter: Price drop

3^rd Quarter: Price war with competitors

4^th Quarter: Strong holiday buying

WORD FILE

Unit 2 Module 1
to found/to establish to destroy to rule efforts to invade to divide into zero nought nil nothing point vast territory to lie to extend to cover to border on in terms of population according to census two-headed eagle appear symbolize superpower contain approximately	STATISTICS pie chart bar chart graph table to stand at to remain constant to increase/an increase of to rise/a rise of to go up to grow to decrease/a decrease of to fall/a fall of to drop/a drop of to decline/a decline of to reach a peak of to level off at to fluctuate sharply/dramatically rapidly slightly gradually steadily at the beginning of at the end of in the middle of	by the beginning of/ by the end of/ by the middle during/for/over by 50 % almost 50% nearly/about/around 50% approximately/roughly 50% more than/over/above 50% less than/ under 50% exactly 50% up to 50% to double to gain to rocket to halve to triple to hit the bottom to improve to peak to plummet to recover to soar to collapse to stabilise

Module 2 The Republic of Tatarstan

“You wouldn’t believe it,

but I would rather live in Mamadysh

rather than in Venetia, Rome or Naples…“

From a letter of Leo Tolstoy

17 March 1786

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