Exercises

*Task I. Поясніть значення поданих порівнянь і назвіть варіанти їх перекладу українською мовою.

— Sound as a bell.

— Fit as a fiddle.

— Mad as a hatter.

— То grin like a Cheshire cat.

— Bold as brass.

— Cool as a cucumber.

— Dry as a bone.

— Right as rain.

— To drop like a hot potato.

*Task II. Перекладіть речення українською мовою і визначте, які образні засоби в них використані.

— Tom turned as white as a sheet.

— "No", returned Jessica, "they're poor as church mice".

— Oh, it's all getting just bright as day, now.

— And the old saying came back to him, "A man's fate lies in his own heart". In his own heart! The proof of the pudding was in the eating — Bossiney had still to eat his pudding.

**Task III. Назвіть випадки вживання розгорнутих метафор і подайте варіанти їх перекладу.

— No amount of eating your cake and wanting to have it could take the place of common honesty.

— You know the tool business — it's the most competitive industry in America — dog eat dog down to the puppies.

— At nineteen he had commenced one of those careers attractive and inex­plicable to ordinary mortals for whom a single bankruptcy is as good as a feast.

**Task IV. Перекладіть речення, зверніть увагу на засоби передачі епітетів.

— The shifty, shoddy Macmillan era is over.

— That pleasure is transistory is no proof that it is evil, for what can man find that endures to all eternity.

— Shadwell was a poor poet, hut he was for a long time a popular dramatist, and he was sufficiently conspicuous to be appointed poet laureate by William in the place of Dryden.

**Task V. Перекладіть українською мовою перифрази:

— The eternal city.

— The land of Cakes.

— The land of White Elephants..

— The land of the Shamrock.

— The land of Shadows.

— A White Elephant.

— The land of the Thousand lakes.

— The Old Gentleman.

— The Old lady of Threadneedle street.

— The skylamp of the night.

— The blue ribbon.

— To the Greek calends.

— The Man of Destiny.

— The first Lady.

*Task VI. Виявіть подібність і відмінність англійської та української мов, порівнявши оригінал і переклад.

Не was asleep in a short time and he dreamed of Africa when he was a boy and the long, golden beaches and the white beaches, so white they hurt your eyes, and the high capes and the great brown mountains. He lived along that coast now every night and in his dreams he heard the surf roar and saw the native boats come riding through it. He smelt the tar and oakum of the deck as he slept and he smelt the smell of Africa that the land breeze brought at morning.

Заснув він швидко, й уві сні йому ввижалася Африка його юнацьких літ: довгі береги, золотаві й білі талі сніги, що аж очам боляче, високі миси й величезні темні гори. Тепер він щоночі опинявся на тих берегах і чув уві сні, як гуркочуть хвилі прибою, і бачив, як розтинають їх човни тубільців. Він чув дух смоли й клоччя, що стояв над палубою, чув дух Африки, що його приносив з берега вранішній вітрець.

**Task VII. Порівняйте оригінал і переклад тексту. Чи збережено авторський ідіостиль і враховано особливості рідної мови під час перекладу?

"Tell me about the baseball", the boy asked him.

"In the American League it is the Yankees as I said", the old man said happily.

"They lost today", the boy told him.

."That means nothing. The great Dimaggio is himself again".

"They have other men on the team".

"Naturally. But he makes the difference. In the other league, between Brook­lyn and Philadelphia I must take Brooklyn. But then 1 think of Dick Sisler and those great drives in the old park".

— Розкажіть мені про бейсбол,— попросив хлопець.

— В американській лізі попереду «янкі», як я й казав,— потішено мовив старий.

— Сьогодні вони програли,— заперечив хлопець.

— Це нічого не означає. Великий Дімаджо знову розігрався.

— Крім нього, в команді є й інші.

— Авжеж. Одначе гру робить він. У другій лізі, там, де Бруклін і Філа­дельфія, я б віддав перевагу бруклінцям. Але згадай лишень Діка Сіслера й оті знамениті кидки в Старому парку.

***Task VIII. Визначте у тексті-оригіналі реалії, з'ясуйте особливості їх відтво­рення засобами іншої мови.

But the bird was almost out of sight now and nothing showed on the surface of the water but some patches of yellow, sunbleached sargasso weed and the purple, formalized, iridescent, gelatinous bladder of a Portuguese man-of-war float­ing close beside the boat. It turned on its side and then righted itself. It floated cheerfully as a bubble with its long deadly purple filaments trailing a yard behind it in the water.

"Adua mala", the man said (Adua mala— побутова ніша отруйної ме­дузи.)

Але птаха-мисливця було вже ледь видно, та й на поверхні води старий не бачив ознак риби — лише плавали жовті жмутки збляклої на сонці саргасової трави, а біля самого борту човна погойдувалась райдужно-фіолетова драглиста куля португальської фізалії. Ось вона повернулася боком, тоді знов попливла рівно. Вона весело мінилася на сонці, як велика мильна булька, і її довгий смертоносний фіолетовий шлейф тягся за нею у воді на добрий ярд.

— Adua mala,— сказав старий.

Ernest Hemingway. The old man and the sea.-— Kiev, 1991.

Переклад з англійської В. Митрофанова

***Task IX. Перекладіть подані сонети Шекспіра українською мовою. Намагайтесь зберегти авторський стиль, риму та зміст вірша.

76

Why is my verse so barren of new pride? So far from variation or quick change? Why with the time do I not glance aside To new-found methods, and to compounds strange? Why write I still all one, ever the same, And keep invention in a noted weed, That every word doth almost tell my name, Showing their birth, and where they did proceed? O know sweet love I always write of you, And you and love are still my argument: So all my best is dressing old words new, Spending again what is already spent: For as the sun is daily new and old, So is my love still telling what is told.

57

Being your slave what should I do but tend, Upon the hours, and times of your desire? I have no precious time at all to spend; Nor services to do till you require. Nor dare I chide the world-without-end hour, Whilst I (my sovereign) watch the clock for you, Nor think the bitterness of absence sour, When you have bid your servant once adieu. Nor dare I question with my jealous thought, Where you may be, or your affairs suppose, But like a sad slave stay and think of nought Save where you are, how happy you make those. So true a fool is love, that in your will, (Though you do any thing) he thinks no ill.

134

So now I have confessed that he is thine, And I my self am mortgaged to thy will, My self I'll forfeit, so that other mine, Thou wilt restore to be my comfort still: But thou wilt not, nor he will not be free, For thou art covetous, and he is kind, He learned but surety-like to write for me, Under that bond that him as fist doth bind. The statute of thy beauty thou wilt take, Thou usurer that put'st forth all to use, And sue a friend, came debtor for my sake, So him I lose through my unkind abuse. Him have I lost, thou hast both him and me, He pays the whole, and yet am I not free.

33

Full many a glorious morning have I seen, Flatter the mountain tops with sovereign eye, Kissing with golden face the meadows green; Gilding pale streams with heavenly alchemy: Anon permit the basest clouds to ride, With ugly rack on his celestial face, And from the forlorn world his visage hide Stealing unseen to west with this disgrace: Even so my sun one early morn did shine, With all triumphant splendour on my brow, But out alack, he was but one hour mine, The region cloud hath masked him from me now. Yet him for this, my love no whit disdaineth, Suns of the world may stain, when heaven's sun staineth.