- •II.Lectures Lecture 1
- •I. Origin of English
- •II. Problem of division into periods.
- •III. Early History of British Isles
- •IV. Traces of the Roman Rule in Britain
- •V. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest of Britain
- •VI. Scandinavian conquerors
- •VII. Norman conquest of England
- •Chronological List
- •1. Origin of English.
- •4. Traces of the Roman rule in Britain.
- •Middle English Dialects
- •Vocabulary of Middle English Period.
- •Rising of London dialect.
- •Book printing.
- •Forming national language (15-17 c.)
- •Spreading of English outside England. English in Scotland
- •Phonetic changes. Oe Fracture (Breaking),
- •Borrowings of oe period.
- •I. Middle English Alphabet.
- •II. Changes in Spelling Habits .
- •III. Changes in Consonants.
- •IV. Phonetic Changes. Vowels.
- •V. Types of me Literary Documents
- •I. Spreading of London dialect in the 15th century.
- •II. Phonetic changes
- •1. The Vowel Shift
- •2. Influence of "r"
- •3. Special cases
- •4. Other changes
- •III. Phonetic Changes. Consonants.
- •1. Development of [h]
- •2. Loss of [l] before [k,m,f,V]
- •3. [J] Merged with Preceding Consonant.
- •I. Old English period. Nouns.
- •1. Preliminary remarks
- •2. The categories of oe nouns
- •3. The category of declension
- •4. The System of Cases in oe period and types of Declension
- •II. Middle English Nouns
- •III. Case system in New English period
- •I.Strong Verbs.
- •II. Weak Verbs
- •IV. Categories of verbs in oe.
- •Conjugation of Verbs [kon’dzugei ∫ n]
- •VI. Me Verbs.
- •I. Oe Pronouns.
- •III. Oe Adjectives. Declension.
- •IV. Degrees of Comparison.
- •III. Seminars
- •Origin of English
- •1. Origin of English
- •Scandinavian Conquerors.
- •Additional information The Scandinavian Influence
- •IV. Oe Vocabulary oe vocabulary for
- •V. Tests
- •Variant II.
- •Variant III.
- •Variant IV.
- •VI. List of the examination questions in the English Language History
- •I. Theoretical problems.
- •Origin of English.
- •II. Practical problems.
- •Card № 1
- •Origin of English.
IV. Oe Vocabulary oe vocabulary for
“The Canterbury tales”
shour – OE scūr – ME shour – NE shower.
d rought –OE drū oð – ME droght, drought – NE drought.
perced – OE percent – OFr percier < Lat. pertūsus - part. from entundere (пронзать, протыкать).
roote – OE rōte (from Sc. – rot) – NE root (корень).
bathed – OE baðian - w.2; cf. G. baden – NE bathe(купаться, мыться).
bathed < OE baðode [a] > [a:] - in open syllable.
veyne – from OFr veine < Lat. vēna NE vein (вена).
licour – (noun) OFr. licūr < Lat. liquor – NE liquor (etimoligical).
vertu – OFr vertu < Lat. virtūs – NE virtue (доблесть, сила).
engendred (n) – w.2 from OFr engendrer – NE engender (порождать).
flour – (n) OFr flour < Lat. flōs, flōren (acc) – NE flower.
eek (eke-arch) – OE eac > adv. (cf. G. - auch, Goth. - auk) (также, также как).
breeth (n) – OE bræð – (cf. G. broden) – NE breath (дыхание).
inspiren (d) w.2. OFr inspirer – NE inspire (вдыхать, вдохновлять).
holt – a.n. OE holt (дерево, лес, роща) (cf. G. holz) – NE holt (лесистый холм).
hæð – i-m. – OE heeth – NE heath (степь, поросшая вереском).
tendre - adj. OFr tendre < Lat. tener – NE tender (мягкий, нежный).
croppes - a-m > OE, ME – crop (куст, гроздь) – NE crop (посев, урожай).
y uong(e) – OE un – NE young.
sonne – OE sunne; sunu (cf. G. - sohn - OHG sunee) ; OSc.- sunr, Lat. - sunus – NE son (сын).
halve – see healf.
healf, half - adj. – Gr - halb, OSc. - halfr, Goth - halb – NE half.
cours - (n) from OFr course < Lat. cursus – NE course.
y-ronne – part II see OE rinnan.
rinnan - str. 3 rynnen (cf. G. - rinnen, Osc - rinna - течь) – NE run.
f oweles – OE fu ol – NE fowl [faul] (домашняя птица).
maken – OE macian – NE make.
that – OE Бæt – NE that.
slepen – OE slæpen – NE sleep.
nyght – OE niht – NE night.
y e – OE ea e – NE eye.
V. Tests
Test in the English language History
VARIANT I.
1. The English language history includes … periods.
a) five c) three
b) two d) four
2. Old English period dates from the … to the … century.
a) first – fifth c) seventh – eleventh
b) fifth – eleventh d) eleventh – fifteenth
3. Old English belonged to the … branch of Indo-European family of languages.
a) Romanic c) Greek
b) Celtic d) Germanic
4. Modern English belongs to the … branch of Indo-European family of languages.
a) Romanic c) Greek
b) Celtic d) Germanic
5. Such phonetic phenomena as … , …, …., resulted in forming diphthongs.
a) i-mutation c) palatal mutation
b) breaking d) back mutation
6. In Middle English period all unstressed vowels …..
a) were lost c) were dropped
b) became the vowels d) became diphthongs
7. Old English ligature [æ] changed into:
a) ē c) a
b) ā d) e
8. The results of Great Vowel Shift was that long sound [i:] changed into ….
a) [e] c) [u:]
b) [ei] d) [ai]
9. The base for forming of the nation English language was …. dialect.
a) Northern c) West-Saxon
b) London d) Midland
10. English language is more … centuries old.
a) twenty c) fifteen
b) ten d) twenty one
11. The language of New English period is ….
a) syntactical c) mixed
b) analytical d) phonetic
12. The language of Old English period was ….
a) syntactical c) mixed
b) analytical d) phonetic
Test in the English language History