Cf. Silent disapproval – disapproving silence – to disapprove silently –

to silence disapprovingly

Each stage of the series can be filled in by a number of lexemes of the same stem with possible hierarchical relations between them. The primary presentation of the series may be realized in a four-unit versions as follows:

strength – to strengthen – strong – strongly

peace – to appease – peaceful – peacefully

nation – to nationalize – national – nationally.

This derivational series that unites the notional word-classes can be named the “lexical paradigm of nomination”.

The general order of classes in the series corresponds to the logic of mental perception of reality, by which a person, first, discriminates objects and their actions, then the properties of the former ant the latter.

The nomination paradigm with the identical form of the stem for all the four stages is not represented on the whole of the lexicon. In this sense it is possible to speak of lexemes with a complete paradigm of nomination and lexemes with an incomplete paradigm of nomination. Some words can even stand apart from this paradigm, i.e. be nominatively isolated (e.g. some simple adverbs: often, seldom, etc.).

On the other hand, the universal character of the nomination paradigm is sustained by suppletive completion, both lexemic and phrasemic:

Cf. an end – to end – final – finally

Evidence – evident – evidently – to make evident

wise – wisely – wisdom – to grow wise.

The role of suppletivity is extremely important within the framework of the lexical paradigm of nomination because it serves as an essential factor of the open character of the notional lexicon of language.

As for the functional words, from the point of view if syntactic interpretation, they may be regarded as paradigmatic series themselves and the lists of functional words, in their turn, they are grammatical constituents of higher paradigmatic series on the level of phrases and especially sentences.

Pronouns receive special systemic status from the point of view of syntactic principles. Pronouns are traditionally recognized on the basis of indicatory and substitutional semantic functions. The substitutional function of pronouns makes them syntactic representatives of all the notional classes of words. It should be clearly understood that even personal pronouns of the 1^st and 2^nd persons play the cited representative role.

E.G. I, Little Foot, go away making noises and trampling.

Are you happy, Lilly?

As a result of these generalizations, the lexical paradigm of nomination receives a complete substitutive representation. Symbolically the correlation of the nominal paradigmatic scheme is stated as follows:

N – V – A – D

The undertaken analysis makes it possible to divide the whole of the lexicon on the upper level of classification into three unequal parts.

The first part of the lexicon forming an open set includes a great number of notional words which have a complete nominative function. These words can be referred to as “names”: