- •Передмова
- •Contents
- •Unit 1 the national technical university of ukraine
- •In the pictures you can see a beautiful leafy lane and two buildings: an old and a modern one. Can you recognize these places? Work in pairs. Choose a place and describe it to your partner.
- •Discuss the following questions with a partner.
- •Read the text and answer the questions that follow: The National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •9. Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- •10. Listen to the text again and complete the sentences.
- •11. Work in small groups. Find information in the Internet about top 10 Universities in Ukraine and share your information with representatives of different universities.
- •12. Work in pairs, student a and b. Discuss the following question: is it necessary for the 21st century engineers to know a foreign language?
- •13. You have to make a presentation about “kpi”. Write a short introduction (60-80 words) to your presentation in order to help you speak naturally. You may use the phrases in the box below.
- •14. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Tense. You have to decide if the verb is positive or negative.
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense form.
- •16. Write these sentences into the Present Simple negative form.
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •7. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to a business news report about the gas industry. While listening complete these sentences with the words from the frame.
- •12. You are a participant of the annual scientific conference and your task is to make a report entitled "Economy and Industry of Ukraine in the 21st century – our achievements".
- •14. Underline the correct tense form in the following sentences.
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
- •16. Read the text and put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the Present Continuous.
- •17. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unit 3 from the history of computer
- •1. Look at the pictures. What uses of computers do they show?
- •2. What do you know about the history of computer development in Ukraine?
- •3. Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text:
- •From the History of Computer
- •4. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •5. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjective and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •7. Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and answer the following questions.
- •10. Listen to the text again and complete the sentences.
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Tense.
- •16. Complete the sentence and underline the correct word in bold.
- •Unit 4 robotics
- •Robotics
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •6. Match each word from the text with its synonym:
- •7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and decide whether the following sentences are true (t) or false (f):
- •10. Listen again and answer the questions.
- •Sir William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (1824 - 1907).
- •16. Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- •Unit 5 the era of high-tech pollution
- •The Era of High-Tech Pollution
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •10. Listen to three people expressing their views on environmental problems. Choose which of the problems they are anxious about. Mark as Yes () or No ().
- •15. Some of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •16. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Continuous or the Past Simple.
- •17. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unit 6 environmental protection
- •Look at the pictures which show the problems of the environment and match the suggestions with their problems.
- •Work in pairs and discuss:
- •Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Environmental Protection
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •7. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •8. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •16. Underline the correct tense form in each of the following sentences.
- •18. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
- •Unit 7 facts about forces
- •What is force? Give examples of forces acting on people and objects around us.
- •What kinds of forces do you know? How are they related to motion?
- •Read the text and give the definitions of:
- •Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •Match each word from the text with its synonym:
- •Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense or the correct form of be going to.
- •Unit 8 gravity, friction, magnetism
- •Gravity, Friction, Magnetism
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen again to the text and decide whether these sentences are true (t) or false (f):
- •Unit 9 simple machines
- •4. Decide, whether the statements below are true or false:
- •5. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •7. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen and fill in the blanks with the correct words from the list:
- •12. Discuss the following quotations in small groups.
- •13. Why is manufacture so closely connected to science? Write a short paragraph (60-80 words) to answer this question using phrases and words in the box:
- •15. Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- •16. Fill in the gaps with the proper item.
- •17. Fill in the gaps with can, can’t, could, couldn’t or was / wasn’t able to.
- •Unit 10 complex machines
- •1. Look at the picture and say, what simple machines does a bike consist of?
- •2. In pairs, discuss what is meant by “complex machines”. Give examples of such machines.
- •3. Read the text and match the questions (a-g) to the paragraphs (1-7):
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •7. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •17. Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't and the words in brackets.
- •18. Underline the correct verb forms and complete the sentences.
- •19. Each of the following sentences contains a mistake. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Unit 11 metals
- •Look at the objects in the pictures. What metals do you think they are made of?
- •Name as many metals as you can? Where are they used?
- •Read the text and correct the statements that follow. Metals
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •15. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- •16. Transform sentences from the Active into Passive Voice.
- •17. In the following description of how plastics are shaped, put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple Passive.
- •Unit 12 mechanical properties
- •1. Look at the objects in the pictures. What materials do you think they are made of and why?
- •2. In pairs, discuss what is meant by mechanical properties. What mechanical properties do you know?
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Mechanical Properties
- •4. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •5. Match each word from the text with its synonym.
- •6. Put these word combinations in the right order to make sentences:
- •7. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •9. Listen to the text and answer the questions:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •12. Work in pairs. Discuss the following quotations with your partner.
- •14. In the following sentences underline the verbs and define the voice (Active / Passive).
- •15. Transform the sentences from the Active into Passive Voice, as in the example.
- •16. Put the questions into the Passive Voice.
- •17. Complete the following report of an accident which happened in a factory. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •Unit 13 numbers
- •How are numbers classified? Give examples of rational and irrational numbers.
- •Work in pairs. Take turns to give examples of everyday use of numbers in our lives. Look at the pictures and say the time.
- •Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •Numbers
- •8. Decide whether the statements below are true or false:
- •9. Listen and practise.
- •10. Listen to the conversations. Write the numbers.
- •15. Rewrite the sentences in the passive in two ways, as in the example.
- •16. Rewrite the sentences in the passive, where possible.
- •17. Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unit 14 numerals
- •1. Look at the picture and read the following Roman numerals.
- •3. Read the text and match the sentences (a-c) to the numbered spaces (1-3) in the text:
- •Numerals
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •6. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •7. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •11. Discuss the following questions in small groups.
- •12. Make a short presentation on one of the following topics: "Maya numerals", "Babylonian numerals" or find another to your liking.
- •13. Choose one of the following quotations and explain what it means. Write a short paragraph (60 - 80 words) to express your opinion.
- •14. Match two parts to form conditional sentences.
- •15. Match the items in two columns in order to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example.
- •16. Underline the correct tense form in the following sentences.
- •17. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense. Add a comma where necessary.
- •Unit 15 geometric figures
- •1. Match the geometric figures to their names.
- •2. What other geometric figures do you know? Name the objects in the classroom that have the shape of a circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, arc, cube, cylinder, hexagon, etc.
- •3. Read the text and correct the statements that follow. Geometric Figures
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •16. Use the information from the table to complete the sentences below.
- •17. Complete the table of adverbs.
- •18. Four of the sentences below contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Unit 16 measuring instruments
- •Match the measuring instruments to their names.
- •What do we use scales, thermometers, speedometers, clocks for? What other measuring instruments do you know? What are they used for?
- •Read the text about measuring instruments and complete sentences 1-5 with words from the text:
- •Measuring Instruments
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •14. Decide if the following nouns are countable or uncountable and write them in the appropriate column below.
- •15. Fill in the blanks with the where necessary.
- •16. Fill in the blanks with a / an or the where necessary.
- •17. Fill in the blanks with a / an or the where necessary.
- •Unit 17
- •Inventions
- •1. Match the invention to its inventor.
- •2. What do you think are the most outstanding inventions in human history? Why are they important?
- •3. Read the text and put the inventions in the chronological order:
- •Inventions
- •4. Match the first part of the sentence (1-7) with the second one (a-g).
- •5. Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them:
- •6. Match each adjective from the text with its antonym:
- •7. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •15. Fill in the gaps with some, any, no or one of their compounds.
- •Unit 18 types of engines
- •Types of Engines
- •15. Underline the proper item to complete the sentences.
- •16. Fill in the gaps with little / a little or few / a few.
- •17. Fill in the gaps with little / a little or few / a few.
- •Unit 19
- •Industrial design
- •1. Work in pairs. Look at the products in the pictures. What do you think makes their design good or bad?
- •2. Why do you think design is necessary in industry?
- •3. Read the text and find the expressions which mean:
- •Industrial Design
- •4. Complete the sentences with the appropriate words from the text:
- •5. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list below. Use each word only once:
- •6. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •7. Group the following words into three columns: nouns, adjectives and verbs. Some of them fit into more than one column.
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
- •15. Fill in the gaps with many or much.
- •16. Put the following sentences in order from the most to the least.
- •17. Complete the sentences with the words given in brackets.
- •Unit 20 manufacturing
- •1. What do you think can be done to make manufacturing more environmentally friendly? Why is it important?
- •2. In pairs, discuss the benefits and problems of recycling technologies in manufacturing.
- •3. Read the text and decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Manufacturing
- •4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words and word combinations:
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the proper item from the text:
- •6. Find mistakes in the following statements and correct them:
- •7. Match the English phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •8. Read the clues and complete the crossword:
- •15. Complete the following sentences using the correct prepositions.
- •16. Underline the correct preposition. Use dictionary if necessary.
- •17. Five of the following sentences contain mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
- •Grammar references Іменник (the Noun)
- •Артикль (the Article)
- •Неозначений артикль a/an
- •Означений артикль the
- •Артиклі не вживаються:
- •Займенник (the Pronoun)
- •Прикметник (the Adjective) / Прислівник (the Adverb)
- •Прийменник (the Preposition)
- •Числівник (the Numeral)
- •Порядок слів у розповідному, запитальному та заперечному реченні. Коротка відповідь на запитання.
- •I. Загальні запитання
- •I. Спеціальні запитання
- •III. Альтернативні запитання
- •IV. Розділові запитання
- •Дієслово (the Verb)
- •Утворення часів активного стану (див. Зведену таблицю часів активного стану)
- •Зведена таблиця часів активного стану (active voice)
- •Активний стан дієслова (the active voice) Часові форми дієслова
- •The Present Simple
- •The Past Simple
- •The Future Simple
- •The Present Continuous
- •The Past Continuous
- •The Future Continuous
- •The Present Perfect
- •The Past Perfect
- •The Future Perfect
- •The Present Perfect-Continuous
- •Модальні дієслова (the Modal Verbs)
- •Узгодження часів (the Sequence of Tenses)
- •Перетворення запитальних речень у непряму мову
- •Перетворення спонукальних речень з прямої у непряму мову
- •Інфінітив (the Infinitive)
- •Ми вживаємо інфінітив з to
- •Ми вживаємо інфінітив без to
- •Складний додаток з інфінітивом
- •Герундій ( the Gerund)
- •Ми використовуємо герундій :
- •Дієприкметник (the Participle)
- •Умовний спосіб дієслова (the Conditionals)
- •Найбільш вживані скорочення дієслівних форм
- •Irregular verbs
- •Unit 1 the national technical university of ukraine "kyiv polytechnic institute"
- •Unit 2 economy and industry of ukraine Gas Industry
- •Unit 3 from the history of computer
- •Unit 4 robotics Home Robots
- •Unit 7 facts about forces The Moment of Force
- •Unit 8 gravity, friction and magnetism
- •Unit 9 simple machines
- •Unit 10 complex machines Bicycle
- •Unit 11 metals
- •Unit 12 mechanical properties Material properties
- •Unit 14 numerals
- •Unit 15 geometric figures
- •Unit 16 measuring instruments Gauge
- •Unit 17 inventions
- •Unit 18 types of engines
- •Unit 19 industrial design
- •Unit 20 manufacturing Chopsticks for China, Made in America
- •References
The Present Perfect-Continuous
Називає:
Дію, що почалась у минулому і все ще триває у момент мовлення. Примітно, що є вказівка на період тривалості цієї дії. Напр.. He has been working for this company for three years. (He began working for this company three years ago and he is still working there.)
Дію, що тривала і завершилась безпосередньо перед моментом мовлення. Напр.. His hands are dirty. He has been fixing his car.
Примітка:
Ми використовуємо present perfect замість present perfect continuous з дієсловами, що не вживаються в часах continuous (know, believe, like, та ін.). Напр.. I have known Sharon since we were at school together.
З дієсловами live, work, feel, teach ми можемо вживати present perfect або present perfect continuous без різниці у значенні. Напр.. He has been living/has lived here since 1994.
Вирази часу:
Since, for, all morning/afternoon/evening/week/day, how long (у запитаннях).
THE Past Perfect Continuous
Називає:
Дію, що тривала і завершилась перед моментом або іншою дією у минулому. Напр.. She had been waiting for the bus for half an hour before it came.
Вирази часу:
Since, for, how long, before, until, та ін.
THE Future Perfect Continuous
Називає:
Дію, що триватиме і завершиться перед моментом або іншою дією у майбутньому. Напр.. By the end of next month, Alec will have been building houses for ten years. By the time she arrives in Paris, she will have been traveling for four hours.
Вирази часу:
By…for
Пасивний стан (the Passive Voice)
Зведена таблиця часів пасивного стану (the Passive Voice)
Групи Часи |
Simple |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Present |
I am drawn She is drawn They are drawn |
I am being drawn He is being drawn You are being drawn |
I have been drawn It has been drawn |
Past |
I was drawn We were drawn |
I was being drawn They were being drawn |
I had been drawn |
Future |
I will be drawn |
———— |
I will have been drawn |
Future in the Past |
I would be drawn |
———— |
I would have been drawn |
Ми утворюємо Passive Voice за допомогою допоміжного дієслова to be та смислового дієслова у третій формі (Past Participle).
to be + past participle |
Форми пасивного стану:
the Present Simple: am/is/are + pp The pressure is measured twice a day. |
the Present Continuous: am/is are being + pp The pressure is being measured now. |
the Past Simple: was/were + pp The pressure was measured in the morning. |
the Past Continuous: was/were being + pp The pressure was being measured when the engineer came in. |
the Present Perfect: have/ has been + pp The pressure has just been measured. |
the Past Perfect: had been + pp The pressure had been measured before the engineer came in. |
the Future Simple: will be + pp The pressure will be measured in the evening. |
Вживання
Часи пасивного стану називають ті ж самі дії, що і відповідні їм часи активного стану. Ми використовуємо активний стан, коли підмет речення сам виконує дію і пасивний стан, коли дія виконується над підметом.
Перетворення активного стану на пасивний
При перетворенні активного стану на пасивний:
1) додаток речення в активному стані стає підметом речення в пасивному стані.
2) форма активного стану дієслова замінюється відповідною формою пасивного стану дієслова.
3) підмет речення в активному стані стає агентом (виконавцем дії) речення в пасивному стані.
Наприклад :
|
підмет |
дієслово |
додаток |
|
|
підмет |
дієслово |
агент |
активний стан |
Tom |
sent |
a letter. |
|
пасивний стан |
A letter |
was sent |
by Tom. |
Розгляньте таблицю:
Present Simple |
She teaches them. |
They are taught. |
Present Continuous |
She is teaching them. |
They are being taught. |
Past Simple |
She taught them. |
They were taught. |
Past Continuous |
She was teaching them. |
They were being taught. |
Present Perfect |
She has taught them. |
They have been taught. |
Past Perfect |
She had taught them. |
They had been taught. |
Future Simple |
She will teach them. |
They will have been taught. |
Modals (modal+be+pp) |
She can teach them. |
They can be taught. |
У пасивному стані вживаються лише ті дієслова, які приймають після себе додаток. Напр. Engineers produce designs by CAD programs. Designs are produced by CAD programs. But: The designer works quickly. (Таке речення не може бути перетворене у пасивний стан, оскільки дієслово не приймає додатка.)
З дієсловами, які приймають два додатки, такими, як ask, bring, tell, send, show, teach, promise, offer, give, pay, lend, та ін. ми можемо утворити пасивний стан двома способами, так, щоб кожний із цих двох додатків став підметом речення.
Active:
He gave me this book.
Passive:
a) I was given this book.
b) This book was given to me.
Якщо після дієслова у реченні в активному стані є прийменник, то цей прийменник зберігає своє місце після дієслова і у реченні в пассивному стані. Напр.. The chief engineer looked through the documents and signed them. The documents were looked through and signed.