2. Complete the table to illustrate the basic rules for backshift when transforming direct speech into reported speech.

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
now
	the day before
two days ago
	the week before
next year
	the next day / the following day
here
	that
these

3. Report what the former interns said about their experience.

Get real

Search the Internet to find information on the internship programmes in your field of science abroad. Choose the internship programme you would like to do best of all. Take notes about the programme under the following guidelines:

• name of the job

• opportunities for foreign students

• duties involved

• personal qualities required

• skills and qualifications to gain

Present and discuss the information on the internship programmes you have found. See how many students would like to do it.

Listening

1. Discuss as a class.

• What qualifications will you get after graduating from the university?

• What job are you planning to get in the future? Why?

• What skills and qualifications do you need for this job?

• Do many students choose the career of a research scientist? Why?/Why not?

• What is the most rewarding/challenging part of a researcher’s work?

• What personal qualities do you think a research scientist should have?

2. Listen to the interview with two young scientists describing their attitude to the jobs they are doing. Complete the chart.

	Hours	Job satisfaction	Teamwork and competition
Speaker 1
Speaker 2

Discuss

Agree or disagree with the following:

• Being a scientist means to be ‘slaving’ in the lab 24 hours a day as it is the only way to be a success.

• Mega things happen once in a lifetime, so a really ambitious researcher won’t get any job satisfaction discovering new things in a small way.

• To make an outstanding discovery or invention you should have the intellectual freedom.

• It’s not a good idea to co-operate and share the results of your research with other scientists if you want to be the first person to make that all-important discovery.

Reading

1. Read the letter of application below and complete it with the words from the box.

degree skills suited Career Search team needs benefit responsibilities application contact position background qualifications

123 Ascot Lane Blacksburg, VA 24060 (540) 555-2556 WStevens@vt.edu April 27, 2009 December 12, 2007 Mr. Robert Burns President, Template Division MEGATEK Corporation 9845 Technical Way Arlington, VA 22207 burns@megatek.com Dear Mr. Burns, I learned of MEGATEK through online research using the a) -------------- database through Career Services at Virginia Tech where I am completing my Master's b) ------------ in Mechanical Engineering. From my research on your web site, I believe there would be a good fit between my c) --------------- and interests and your d) ---------------. I am interested in a software engineering e) --------------- upon completion of my degree in May 2010. As a graduate student, I am one of six members on a software development f) ---------- where we are writing a computer aided aircraft design program for NASA. My g) -------------- include designing, coding, and testing of a graphical portion of the program which requires the use of GIARO for graphics input and output. I have a strong h) --------------- in computer aided design, software development and engineering, and believe that these skills would i) ------------- the designing and manufacturing aspects of Template software. Enclosed is my resume which further outlines my j) ----------------------. My qualifications make me well k) --------------- to the project areas in which your division of MEGATEK is expanding its efforts. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss a position with you, and will l) -------------- you in a week or ten days to answer any questions you may have and to see if you need any other information from me such as a company m) ------------ form or transcripts. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, William Stevens

2. Read the letter again and answer the questions.

1. What is the purpose of this letter?

2. What is the style of the letter?

3. What grammar tenses and voice are used? Why?

4. In what other ways can you begin and end formal letters?

5. Where is William Stevens’ address written?

6. Where is the company’s address written?

7. What is the aim of each paragraph in the letter?

8. What kind of information does William Stevens provide?

9. Is any document enclosed in the letter? Which one?

Writing

Write a letter applying for an internship programme abroad in your field of science. Follow the guidelines:

• give reasons for writing

• give a short summary of your experience

• describe your personal qualities

• inform what skills required for the job you have

• specify the skills you would like to develop in this job

Roleplay

Work in pairs. Choose to be Student A or Student B. Roleplay the situation following the guidelines. Make sure you use the phrases given in the Functional language box below.

Study help: How to Behave at a Job Interview During a job interview, you only get about 15 to 20 minutes to sell yourself as the perfect person for the position. Follow these tips on how to behave at a job interview. Stay positive during the interview. Avoid complaining about previous employers or companies. Be prepared to answer and ask questions. Don’t use slang or colloquial phrases. Speak professionally. Show proper confidence, not too modest, not too boastful. Be polite. When it is over, say: I look forward to hearing from you. I appreciate your taking time to see me. Thank you for seeing me. Dress appropriately to make a good impression.

Functional language: At the interview Good afternoon. Do sit down. Now, you’ve applied for the job of a ... Do you have any experience in...? How would you describe your personality? You see, we are looking for someone who is … Actually, good … skills would be an advantage. Do you have any questions about the job? Thank you for coming. We’ll contact you next week. If I got the job what would my … (hours, duties, etc) be? Is/are there … available? What is/are …like? All right, put me down for four weeks. How about …?

In the Realm of Jobs

1. We all have certain skills which will be useful to employers. Some of the words listed below are ideal "active words" for you to use when describing yourself in your resume and in the job application process. For each skill on these lists, state whether you:

• have that skill already (put a V)

• don't have it yet but have the potential to develop it (put a ?)

• will never have that skill (put a X)

People Skills guiding listening to negotiating with instructing persuading speaking to serving helping encouraging motivating organizing coaching/teaching disciplining organizing directing evaluating

Word Skills explaining processing classifying copying typing proof reading editing composing communicating writing reading comparing imagining

Figure Skills counting calculating timing recording compiling comparing correcting analysing graphing problem solving planning

Skills with things driving operating installing making repairing adjusting producing adapting creating classifying collecting growing

2. A Curriculum Vitae, commonly referred to as CV (AmE resume) is a written record of your education and the jobs you have done, that you send when you are applying for a job. It is a detailed summary not only of your academic backgrounds but also teaching and research experience, publications, presentations, awards, honors and other details.

John Michael Andrews Home Address: 33 Union Street, Manchester, M6 3AE. Tel. (0161) 351 4039 Email: jma5@kent.ac.uk Term Address: 6 Farthings Court, Parkwood Canterbury CT2 8NP Date of Birth: 5. 11. 1986 Nationality: British EDUCATION AND QUALIFICATIONS University of Kent BSc(Hons.) Computer Science 2005 - 2008 Subjects include: Software Engineering, Compiling Techniques, Computer Networks and Communications, Digital Systems, Operating Systems and Robotics. I obtained 62% in my 2nd year exams equivalent to a 2:1 My project involved the development of a Linux-based network management system and required independent research skills Manchester Community College 2003 - 2006 'A' Levels: Mathematics B, Physics C, Chemistry D. St. John's Boys School, Manchester. 1998 - 2003 8 GCSEs including Mathematics, English and French. WORK EXPERIENCE Tourist Information Office, Canterbury Summer 2006 Assisting customers from all over the world with a wide variety of enquiries, working in the Bureau de Change, booking theatre and concert tickets. Manchester City Council Summer 2004 Temporary Accounts Clerk in City Treasurer's office. Responding to customer enquiries, using computerised accounts systems. Simple Simon's Public House, Canterbury. Sept. 2006 - present Part-time bar work throughout the year serving customers and cashing up. ACTIVITIES AND INTERESTS Secretary of the Japanese Society involved booking speakers. Helped to organise a charity fun run for Rag Week Have fundraised for the World Land Trust who buy and save endangered rainforests. I enjoy running and play for the University football team. Other interests include current affairs and reading sci-fi novels. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Computing Skills: Knowledge of Linux and Windows XP/Vista. Programming skills in Java, Haskell and Modula 3. Good knowledge of SQL and RDBMS. Good level of spoken French. Full, clean driving licence. REFEREES: I am happy to supply these on request.

	Unit 2. Progress Monitoring In this Unit you have worked on the vocabulary related to the topic “Job and career Options” to choose a science career to use specialist science knowledge a research vacancy to work in research areas lab or research culture/experience to gain high-level technical ability or general skills to try out an alternative career to apply scientific knowledge to solve practical problems to achieve a dream job to have a passion for research the cutting-edge research to work in pure/applied science to hire someone as a full/part-time employee to share one’s research results with colleagues to make valuable contacts to get job satisfaction to acquire skills/knowledge team work and competition Tick (V) the points you are confident about and cross (X) the ones you need to revise.
Unit 3 Review

1. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech. Use various verbs of speaking.

1. I’m afraid I can’t take the job before January. (She explained …)

2. Paul Smith has just come back from his yearlong expedition around the globe.

3. Now, if you look at this graph you will see the temperature changes in this region over 50 years.

4. I’m sure in 2050 thousands of people will be living in giant space stations.

5. Studying the dolphins’ behavior was the most exciting thing I’ve ever done.

6. No, you are wrong! The course starting date is next week, not tomorrow!

7. Peter is so absent-minded! Last week he had an accident in our chemistry lab. He broke a test tube with some toxic substance in it!

8. Hello, everybody! Let me introduce Mia Travis to you. She is a new member of the ‘Whale Program’ team.

9. Sorry, I can’t take your point.

10. Why don’t we do a summer internship?

2. Fill in the gaps with the most suitable phrasal verb in the box. Be sure to use the correct form of the verb.

1. I’m a member of three university clubs so I __________ every other day.

2. She started a degree but __________ after only a year.

3. I agree, this problem is difficult but I’ve __________ a new way of doing it!

4. In my job I often __________ meeting deadlines.

5. I’m sure we need __________ a society for dealing with environmental issues in you city.

6. Look, Peter, I can’t ___________ your being so inaccurate in measurements. You should ___________ the numbers you’ve got.

7. This test tube is very fragile so ___________ very carefully or it’ll break down.

8. I’ve recently __________ one more explanation of this theorem.

9. If you want __________ your class you need to practise a lot of programming.

3. Within one minute complete the word web for the noun job.

4. Explain the similarity and difference between these words.

job career

industry academia

perks bonuses

manual work paper work

job experience job skills

challenging rewarding

dream job holiday job

5. Read these sayings. Choose one or two that you agree or disagree with and discuss them with a partner.

• “Real success is finding your lifework in the work that you love.” David McCullough

• “The secret of greatness is simple: do better work than any other man in your field - and keep on doing it.” Wilfred A. Peterson

• “No problem is insurmountable. With a little courage, teamwork and determination a person can overcome anything.” B. Dodge

• “Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest where you haven't planted.” David Bly

5. Game: Guess the job

Work in teams. One of you should think about a job in your subject area and the others in the group must try to guess what the job is by asking “Yes” and “No” questions about it. Make sure everyone asks the same number of questions.

Example: In your job…

Do you work… outside? inside? in a lab? etc.		Do you have to be … ambitious? imaginative? good with numbers?
Do you have to … have special qualifications? work under supervision? wear a uniform?		Do you … work on your own? use any kind of tool? instruct other people?

7. Read the advertisement and rewrite it in full.

http://www.careersonline.com.au/easyway/find/class1.html

8. Put the following in the right order, and then rewrite the letter in paragraphs adding a salutation and your name.

Salutation Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2, 3 Final paragraph Name

Reasons for writing qualifications, experience closing remarks

A			I am a graduate of the University of Birmingham and my degree is BS Zoology.
B			I have enclosed my C.V. and would be glad to supply any further information required.
C			I look forward to meeting you to discuss employment opportunities at Institute for Animal Health.
D			I have previous work experience in Microbiology department. While at university I worked part-time as a lab assistant in Microbiology laboratory. I was in charge of lab equipment.
E			I am writing in response to your advertisement in the Career Search database of the New Scientist magazine website. I would like to apply for the position of laboratory technician.
F			My responsibilities included instructing students in lab safety rules, collecting their lab reports and carrying out routine lab work including cleaning glassware.
G			I believe that I have the proper qualifications and experience for the position of laboratory technician at Institute for Animal Health.
	Each one teach one

Write down a short vocabulary list (ten items) on the topic “Job” and compare your lists with a partner. Cross out the items you have on both lists and together with your partner explain the meaning of the rest of the words and phrases.