Контрольная работа № 6 Вариант 2

Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

Unless some ____________ are paid, investors may lose interest in the company.

а) quantity c) capital goods

b) wages d) dividends

Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

It has been agreed that the company ________________ its prices.

а) is not raising c) should not raise

b) have not raised d) should not be raised

Задание 3. Дополните микродиалог

We can look at investments you can choose for your plans. - ___________________.

а) Very simply. c) Good idea. May I ask you a question first?

b) Yes, they are, but not for retirement plans. d) Here's my card.

Задание 4. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

Even in the ___________ , a stronghold of free enterprise, it has been found necessary to control or regulate national income conditions.

a) USA c) Glasgow

b) Britain d) London

Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из абзацев содержит следующую информацию

а) What is the ratio of reserves to deposits

b) Different kinds of money

c) How a system of deposits was started

THE ROLE OF BANKS

1. In the past most societies used different objects as money. Some of these were valuable because they were rare and beautiful, others - because they could be eaten or used. Early forms of money like these were used to buy goods. They were also used to pay for marriages, fines and debts. Everyday objects were extremely practical kinds of cash in many ways, but they had some disadvantages. It was difficult to measure their value accurately, divide some of them into a wide range of amounts, keep some of them for a long time, or use them to make financial plans for the future. For these reasons, some societies began to use another kind of money, that is, precious metals. People used gold as money. Those were dangerous times and people wanted a safe place to keep their gold. So they deposited it with goldsmiths, people who worked with gold and had a guarded vault to keep it safe in. When people wanted some of their gold to pay for things with, they went and fetched it from the goldsmith.

2. Two developments turned these goldsmiths into bankers. The first was that people found it a lot easier to give the seller a letter than to fetch some gold and then physically hand it over to him. This letter transferred some of the gold they had at the goldsmith's to the seller. These letters became acceptable as a way of paying for goods. They were easier and less dangerous to carry around than gold. So a system of deposits was started. The second development was that goldsmiths realized they had unused gold lying in their vaults doing nothing. This development was actually of greater importance than the first. The goldsmith realized that some of the gold in his vault could be lent to the firm, and of course he asked the firm to pay it back later with a little interest. At that moment the goldsmith reckoned it was unlikely that everyone who had deposited gold with him would want it back at the same time, at any rate - not before the firm had repaid him his gold with a little interest. He thought it safe enough.

3. It so happened that the firm, that took out the loan, asked the goldsmith if, instead of actually taking the gold, it could be given a deposit. The important point to notice here is that it made no difference to the goldsmith whether his initial loan was in actual gold or in a form of a deposit. Reserves are the amount of gold that is immediately available in the vault to meet depositors' demands. The reserve ratio is the ratio of reserves to deposits. Once he has made his loan, he has a 90% deposit ratio. This is a small risk with a small profit. Suppose the goldsmith took too much of a risk. He lent 80% of the gold he had. This panicked people. They doubted he could pay them all back; he was bound to lose some of the gold he had lent, so they rushed to get their gold back before it was too late. That was what we would now call a run on the bank a financial panic. And the financial panic leads to exactly what people fear: the bank cannot pay them, goes bankrupt, and they go bankrupt as well.

Задание 6. Определите вид деловой документации

а) Bill of Lading c) E-mail message

b) Contract d) Enquiry

TO: German Shipping Lines (ABC 124)

FROM: Russline (DEF 450)

POSTED: 15 May, 2000 12.41

SUBJECT: Charter of the Orion

ACTION REQUIRED: reply

TEXT: Please confirm when the Orion will be in Rotterdam and charter rate of USD 32, 21 per ton.

DEF 450 - sent

end of mail.