Контрольная работа № 5 Вариант 1

Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

If they ___________, households and businesses are likely to sell bonds they possess for cash.

а) pay dividends c) take a large amount of money

b) include interest rates d) lack money

Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

If the market refuses ____________ the issue at a minimum price, the banker will take them and absorb the loss.

а) buy c) to buy

b) to have bought d) to buying

Задание 3. Дополните микродиалог

What rates are you charging these days? - ________________________________.

а) Of course, I see. c) Here's my card.

b) That depends on the type of loan. d) Very simply.

Задание 4. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

__________________ identified the division of labor as the source of «the greatest improvement in the productive powers of la­bor».

а) Karl Marx c) Immanuel Kant

b) Ramsey Macdonald d) Adam Smith

Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и определите, является ли выражение

In a mixed economy the state decides precisely what the nation is to produce.

а) истинным b) ложным c) нет информации в тексте

PLANNED ECONOMIC SYSTEM

There are a number of ways in which a government can organize its economy and the type of system in which businesses operate. There are three main economic systems. An economic system is quite simply the way in which a country uses its available resources to satisfy the demands of its inhabitants for goods and services. The more goods and services can be produced from its resources, the higher the standard of living the country's citizens enjoy.

Planned economies are sometimes called "command economies" because the state commands the use of resources to produce goods and services as it owns factories, land and natural resources. Planned economies have a large amount of central planning and direction, when the government takes all the decisions, the government decides production and consumption. Planning of this kind is very difficult to do, and the result is that there is no society with a pure command economy. The actual system employed varies from state to state, but command or planned economies have a number of common features.

Firstly, the state decides precisely what the nation is to produce. It usually plans five years ahead. It is the intention of the planners that there should be enough goods and services for all. Secondly, industries are asked to comply with these plans and each industry and factory is set a production target to meet. If each factory and farm meets its target, then the state will meet its targets as set out in the five-year plans. You could think of the factory and farm targets to be objectives which, if met, allow the nation's overall aim to be reached.

A planned economy is simple to understand but not simple to operate. It does, however, have a number of advantages:

• Everyone in society receives enough goods and services to enjoy a basic standard of living.

• Nations do not waste resources duplicating production.

• The state can use its control of the economy to divert resources to wherever it wants. As a result, it can ensure that everyone receives a good education, proper health care or that transport is available.

Several disadvantages also exist. It is these disadvantages that have led to many nations abandoning planned economies over recent years:

• There is no incentive for individuals to work hard in planned economies.

• Any profits that are made are paid to the government.

• Citizens cannot start their own businesses and so new ideas rarely come forward.

• As a result, industries in planned economies can be very inefficient.

A major problem faced by command or planned economies is that of deciding what to produce. Command economies tend to be slow when responding to changes in people's tastes and fashions. Planners are likely to under-produce some items as they cannot predict changes in demand. Equally, some products, which consumers regard as obsolete and unattractive, may be overproduced. Planners are afraid to produce goods and services unless they are sure substantial amounts will be purchased. This leads to delays and queues for some products.

Задание 6. Перед Вами резюме. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером с тем, что она обозначает

a) Other information c) Marital status

b) Date of Birth d) Work experience

1		27 February 1985
2	Name	Belova Margaret
3	Present address	18 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow 128343, Russia
4		single
5	Education and qualifications	1990-2000 Specialized Secondary School 23 Tushinskaya Street, Moscow, Russia
6		2000-2003 Johnson Bros Ltd, 35 Ostozhenka Street Type of Company: Retail Chain Stores Post: Junior Secretary Responsibilities: Secretarial-work including typing, shorthand, correspondence, taking minutes at meetings, copying reports and minutes from shorthand notes, filing, tabu­lating data, answering customers' calls, mail distribution and general office duties 2003-present Auto Importers Ltd., 38 Rostokino Moscow, Russia Type of Company: Car importers Post: Secretary to Assistant Director Responsibilities: dealing with all corre­spondence, taking minutes at meetings and writing up Assistant Director's reports, receiving customers and suppliers, dealing with all kinds of enquiries; making deci­sions on behalf of A.D. in his absence; and representing the company at various business functions.
7		While working I attended various evening courses for business and information tech­nology. My interests include tennis, badminton, swimming and reading.