Техника перевода

Полезно соблюдать определенный алгоритм действий:

1. Прежде чем начать перевод, внимательно прочитайте весь текст, поймите его содержание.

2. Прочитайте текст вторично, разбив его на небольшие части.

3. Перевод предложений начинайте со сказуемого и подлежащего:

Глагол-сказуемое обычно стоит на втором месте. Запомните способы нахождения сказуемого:

а) по личным местоимениям;

б) по неправильным глаголам;

в) по вспомогательным и модальным глаголам в личной форме;

г) по суффиксу - (е) s

д) по суффиксу – (e) d

Подлежащее находится слева от сказуемого. Помните, что существительные могут быть подлежащим только без предлога перед ним.

4. Найдите значения новых слов в словаре.

5. Внимательно присмотритесь к словам, имеющим знакомые вам английские, латинские или интернациональные корни, суффиксы и префиксы. Попытайтесь установить значения этих слов, обращая внимание на то, какой частью речи являются такие слова, а затем подбирайте соответствующее русское слово.

6. Помните, что в научном тексте часть слов может быть опущена без ущерба содержания.

7. Отличайте определение от определяемого слова (группа с существительным в конце)

8. Слова, оставшиеся непонятными, ищите в словаре, соотнося их значение с контекстом.

I. Прочтите и переведите текст.

Atherosclerosis A therosclerosis is the buildup of fatty deposits called plaque on the inside walls of arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen and blood to the heart, brain, and other parts of the body. As plaque builds up in an artery, the artery gradually narrows and can become clogged. As an artery becomes more and more narrowed, less blood can flow through. The artery may also become less elastic (called "hardening of the arteries"). Atherosclerosis is the main cause of a group of diseases called cardiovascular diseases - diseases of the heart and blood vessels. A therosclerosis can lead to clogged arteries in any part of the body. When the arteries to the heart are affected, angina (chest pain) or a heart attack may result. If arteries in the leg are affected, leg pain may occur. Atherosclerosis of the arteries to the brain can cause strokes. Atherosclerosis is common in the United States. It often starts in childhood and the arteries become narrowed or clogged over many years. Although many risk factors are well known, the exact causes of atherosclerosis are not clear. Too much cholesterol in the blood, damage to the artery wall, and inflammation appear to play important roles in plaque buildup. Plaque is a combination of cholesterol, other fatty materials, calcium, and blood components that stick to the artery wall lining. Researchers are studying why and how the arteries become damaged, how plaque develops and changes over time, and why plaque can break open and lead to blood clots. There may be other factors that prove to be important in causing atherosclerosis.

II. Выберите из текста предложения, в которых используются модальные глаголы, выпишите их и переведите на русский язык.

III. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

1. внутренние стенки артерий

2. менее эластичный

3. сердечно – сосудистые заболевания

4. сердечный приступ

5. факторы риска

IV. Выберите утверждения, которые соответствуют данному тексту:

1. Atherosclerosis of the arteries to the brain can not cause strokes.

2. Too much cholesterol in the blood plays important roles in plaque buildup.

3. Atherosclerosis often starts in childhood.

V. Подберите синонимы к следующим словам:

1. Attack

2. Common

3. Important

VI. Гуманитарный аспект

Прочитайте текст и передайте его содержание на русском языке:

_{THE PONY EXPRESS}

What do you think the man in the picture is doing?

Why do you think he is riding so fast?

How is mail delivered today?

Around 1850 the United States began to grow rapidly. New land was added to the country. The discovery of gold in California brought thousands of settlers to the west coast. The United States had been about 1,000 miles from east to west. Suddenly it was about 3,000 miles wide.

The U.S. postal service had a big problem: How could the mail travel between the East and California?

The postal service had two solutions. Neither solution was very good. Either stagecoaches carried mail on the trails the settlers used, or the mail was taken by ship around the tip of South America. Either way, the trip took about a month. When the mail finally arrived, it was very old.

Then, in 1860, the Pony Express began. The Pony Express went from the state of Missouri to Sacramento, California. It had 400 horses, 80 riders, and 180 stations. The stations were about ten miles apart. Riders went as fast as twenty-five miles per hour from one station to the next. At each station a new horse would be ready. Within a minute the rider was off again. Each rider went seventy-five miles before passing the mail to the next rider. The mail was delivered within eight days!

The Pony Express riders faced many dangers. They had to cross rivers, mountains, and deserts. They had to travel throughout the night and in all kinds of weather. The riders could be attacked at any time by bandits or Indians. Yet only one rider died, and he died after he had delivered his letters. The mail was lost only once.

Around the same time that the Pony Express started, the telegraph was invented. In 1861 a telegraph line was built across the country. News that took eight days to reach California now took only one hour. What the riders could do in eight days, the telegraph could do in an hour. So, the Pony Express ended just eighteen months after it had begun.