7. How can vaccine campaigns succeed even in the poorest countries and the remotest regions?

In the past it has often taken 15–20 years for a vaccine approved in rich countries to reach poorer ones. Today the situation is better.

For example, The Expanded Program on Immunization is a World Health Organization program with the goal to make vaccines available to all children throughout the world. Since the alliance began its work, 288 million children in the world's poorest countries received immunization when they would not have otherwise. This ongoing effort has averted (предотвратить) more than 5 million premature deaths, also given millions of children the chance to grow up with better chances of maintaining good health.

Each distinct region has slightly varying ways of setting up and implementing their own immunization programs based on their existing level of health infrastructure. Some areas will have fixed sites for vaccination: healthcare facilities such as hospitals or health posts that include vaccination along with many other health care activities. But in areas where the number of structured health facilities is small, mobile vaccination teams consisting of staff members from a health facility can deliver vaccines straight to individual towns and villages. These ‘outreach’ services are often scheduled throughout the year.

As a result, child vaccination coverage for tuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio and measles was estimated to be fewer than 5 percent.

8. Do you believe that working night shifts develops cancer?

The Danish researchers have found that the women who work for at least three night shifts for about six years or more were more likely to develop breast cancer than those who did not work at nights. These women were two times likely to become victim of breast cancer compared to other women.

Amongst these women, the women who described themselves as morning people (larks) were four times likely to develop breast cancer than those who did not work at nights. Even though less affected by night shifts, the women who consider themselves as ‘owl’s (coвы) were still twice more likely to develop cancer than those not at all working at nights.

The disruption to the body clock and the changes in the levels of melatonin (‘darkness’ hormone) along with the lack of sleep are thought to be responsible for the development of breast cancer in women.

The study included the examining of 18,500 women’s medical records, who worked for the Danish Army anywhere between 1964 and 1999.

Scientists say: We know that shift work is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, and this study further supports this view.” “The exact reasons are still not known and it may be that night shifts themselves are not the only cause, as shift work can increase the likelihood of other lifestyle risk factors, such as lack of exercise.”!!!

It is advised to women to cut back on alcohol and regularly exercise as well as maintain healthy diet in order to bring down the risk of breast cancer.