Variant IV

I Read the text and do two tasks below it

Business gurus

People have always been interested in success. They buy books about business written by ‘gurus’- people who promise to teach you the secret of success in the world of business. These books often become very popular and sometimes change the way companies work.

Some business gurus write for the individual. An example is Stephen Covey’s book “The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People”. More than ten million people have bought this book. Covey teaches people to solve a problem in a way which is good for everyone. He also teaches to plan carefully before you start work, and never stop learning new things. Covey himself has become very successful. Now he has more than a hundred shops across the USA.

He comes to companies and give them advice which is very expensive.

Others business gurus write about companies as organizations. They give information about how to make people work together better. In his book “Human Competence”, Thomas Gilbert gives his six best ways to make people in an organization work badly, and then he asks his readers to think what happens in their company.

The “Business @ the Speed of Thought” by Bill Gates has become very popular. Many people who read this book hope that they can learn the secret of his success.

1 Are the statements below true (t) or false (f)?

a Gurus are people who think they can share their knowledge with other people.

b In his book S. Covey writes about the six habits that business people must have.

c Covey put his knowledge into practice successfully.

d After Stephen Covey made a lot of money, he started to give advice for free.

e The book “Human Competence” by T. Gilbert was written for the individual.

2 Complete the sentences 1-5 with the correct endings a-e.

1 Some books on business have changed a by Thomas Gilbert.

2 More than ten million people read the book b the way companies work.

3 The book “Human Competence” was written c from the negative example.

4 T. Gilbert makes people learn d Bill Gate’s example.

5 Many people would like to follow e by Stephen Covey.

II Read the text and choose the phrase (a, b or c) that best completes the sentences 1-5. The story of jeans

The first jeans came from Genoa in Italy. The name jeans comes from the French name for Genoa, Genes. Sailors in the Genoese navy wore jeans because they are strong and you can wear them wet or dry. The sailors washed their jeans by putting them in a large bag and dropping them in the sea.

Modern jeans were invented by Levi Strauss. Strauss moved to America from Germany, and he started making jeans in the 1870s. He originally made them for miners in California. He made them blue so they wouldn’t look dirty.

In the 1950s, pop and movie stars like James Dean and Elvis Presley wore jeans, and they became fashionable with teenagers and young adults. At that time, wearing jeans was a symbol of independence for young people. However, in the 60s and 70s, jeans became a fashion for all ages. Today, the average American person owns seven pairs of jeans.

1 When washing their trousers, the Italian seamen used

a) a washing machine b) seawater c) washing powder

2 Levi Strauss was an emigrant from

a) Italy b) Germany c) California

3 Levi Strauss is known for designing clothes

a) for pop stars b) for teenagers c) for workers

4 The production of jeans started

a) in the second half of the 19^th century b) in the first half of the 20^th century

c) in the 1950s

5 Today people wear jeans

a) to feel independent b)to look younger c) to look fashionable