Театр Древней Греции и Древнего Рима

The word "theater" comes from the Greek theatron - of primary importance - a place for shows. The Birth of Greek drama and the theater related with ceremonial games that were dedicated to the gods, patrons of agriculture: Demeter and Dionysus. Such ceremonies are sometimes turned into a cult drama. From the ceremonial games and songs in honor of Dionysus grew three genres of ancient Greek drama: tragedy, comedy and comedy satire, so named for the chorus, which consisted of satyrs. Greek tragedy, as a rule, took scenes from mythology, who was well known to every inhabitant of Greece. Viewer interest has focused not on the plot, and the interpretation of the myth of the author. In the second half of 6 BC tragedy has made significant of development. Ancient history says that the first Athenian tragic the poet was Fespid. The first staging of his tragedy (name it remained unknown) was held in the spring of 534 BC on Great holiday Dionysius. This year is considered to be the year of birth the world of theater. Ancient Greek theater reached its greatest prosperity in the works of three great tragedians V in. BC. - Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides. The origins of the Roman theater and drama goes back, as in Greece, a village harvesting celebrations. In Rome, there were roughly the same ceremonial games, as in Greece. Despite attempts of playwrights to adapt Greek tragedy to Roman tastes, she was complex in its content for much of the Roman public. The common people of Rome with great pleasure watching the comedy, which was clearer to them, as was closer to life.

Театр Глобус

The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men. In the construction of "Globe" was used construction materials left over from the demolished building of the first public theater in London (it was called - "Theatre"). "Globe" was a typical building of the public theater of the 17th century.: Oval room - in the form of a Roman amphitheater, enclosed by high walls, no roof. The name of the theater has received from its entrance decorated the statue of Atlant keeping the globe. The theater was four place of action: proscenium, deep in the hall and surrounded on three sides by the audience, which was played out most of the action, the deep part of the scene under the gallery, where the interior scenes were played out; gallery, which was used for the image of the fortress wall or balcony (where appeared the ghost of Hamlet's father and was known in the balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet), and "small house" in the windows of which could also show the actors. This allowed us to build a dynamic scene, laying in the drama has a variety of locales and changing the point of audience's attention - that helped to maintain interest in what happens on the court. in 1613, during the premiere of Shakespeare's Henry VIII, there was a fire in a theater, the building burned down. The end of "the first Globe," symbolically marked the change of literary and theatrical eras: about this time William Shakespeare stopped writing plays.