7

Test

THEORETICAL GRAMMAR

SPRING TERM

1. Study the sentence analysed with the help of IC (Immediate Constituents) State which analysis (the first three cuts) is correct and mark it respectively (A, B)

1. The // police / shot // the /// man in the right arm.

2. The // police / shot /// the man // in /// the right arm.

2. Choose the statement (A, B, C) which you think is correct and mark in respectively. The difference between the sentences “John is eager to please” and “John is easy to please” can be explained with the help of

1. A derivational tree

2. Transformational grammar

3. An IC structure

3. Choose the statement (A, B, C) which you think is correct and mark it respectively.

The agent is called permissive if it:

1. Gives an inanimate object an opportunity to perform an action

2. Makes an inanimate object perform an action

3. Specifies someone who performs an action

4. Choose the statement (A, B, C, D) which you think is correct and mark it respectively. If we have an agent and a patient in one sentence the verb must denote:

1. Actions

2. Processes

3. States

4. Both actions and a processes

5. Choose the statement (A, B, C) which you think is correct and mark it respectively. Statements with experiential verbs

1. Always contain an agent

2. Always contain a patient

3. Can only contain an experiencer

6. Choose the statement (A, B, C) which you think is correct and mark it respectively. There is a marked tendency in modern English

1. To make the predicate express the theme of the sentence

2. To make the subject express the theme of the sentence

3. To make the subject express the rheme of the sentence

7. Choose the statement (A, B, C) which you think is incorrect and mark it respectively. The subject of the English passive construction can characterize:

1. The patient

2. The beneficiary

3. The agent

8. Choose the statement (A, B, C, D) which you think is incorrect and mark it respectively. A verb can be used performatively under the following conditions:

1. The tense is present, not past

2. There is no model or aspectual auxiliary

3. There is an adverb of frequency

4. The deep subject is first person

9. Choose the statement (A, B, C) which you think is incorrect and mark it respectively. Injunctions and requests have the following features in common:

1. They are aimed at prompting the addressee to act

2. Only verbs denoting processes can be used in them

3. Only verbs denoting actions can be used in them

10. Choose the statement (A, B, C) which you think is incorrect and mark it respectively. Requests effected in the interrogative form

1. Have a distinct negative reference

2. Are neutral in their relation to the opposition “positive/negative”

3. Have a distinct positive reference

11. Say whether the theory of denotation shows

1. In what way the given object acquires the given name

2. What is denoted by the given name

12. Say whether the theory of reference

1. Disregards the pragmatics of a speech act

2. Takes into account the pragmatic conditions of a speech act.

13. Match the utterances below and the semantic functions of the articles in them:

h I like pleasure and good things.	Individualization
a We sat round the table in the kitchen.	Class generalization
e There was not a cloud in the sky.	Total generalization
h Her face was pale as stone.	Classification
d Children of his age seldom have pleasure in soap and water.	Concrete nomination
g A kitten likes to play.	Inconcrete nomination
b The rich think they can buy anything.	Universal generalization
c The article is generally placed before the noun.	Quasi-total generalization
f He suggested that we should go into a pub.
e She had laughing eyes and a most charming mouth.
d It was a popular song.

14. Match the utterances below and the pragmatic conditions reducing the sphere of reference.

i I came to the conclusion that it was a mistake. d The flat upstairs was still empty. a The orphan crouching on the hearth looked at me. c On the evening of my arrival they gave a dinner party. b Do you remember the rules you made? e He was the son of a priest. g The McDowall girl stayed at college for two years. f At the end of her letter she wrote: “Forgive me”. h I realized the fullness of what had happened to me.

Subject-predicate relations Object-predicate relations Temporal relations Local relations Possession Partitiveness Equivalence Quality Content

15. Match the utterances below and the “internal semantics” of the contextual sets realizing the indefinite reference.

b Some of them turned into office buildings or parking lots. c in the bar he ordered a drunk. d They talked a lot as if they were choosing a school for me. a The rest were insurance papers. e A licensed attorney is an officer of court. f Dark rocks like barriers formed a secret arena.

Referring to a class Opposition Time or space relations Unreality Generalization Comparison

16. Consider the two utterances:

“Her eyes searched mint with an expression of sincere interrogation” and

“Her face was rocklike, calm, with the expression of fulfillment, of grave and reckless joy”/

Say which factor is decisive for the speaker to choose the definite reference:

1. The relations between the components of a nominal phrase (pragmatic condition)

2. The internal semantics of a contextual set

3. The communicative intention of the speaker/

17. Match the basic features of the modern linguistic trends and the general names of approaches to linguistic investigation:

    b Syntax, “surface structures”, a system of rules governing transformation, rejecting semantics c Syntax, “deep structures”, deductive approach to linguistic analysis including semantics; close links of linguistics and psychology. d Interrelation of different language levels, an interest to semantics; functioning of language in communication and the communicative intention of the speaker. e A study of language structures and their mental representations, of the way the knowledge of actual reality (main concept of the world) is “packed” in language units. Of the way man’s thoughts are actualized in speech. a Phonology and morphology; empirical knowledge of language structure and usage; taxonomic descriptions.

    Descriptivism Transformationalism Generativism Functionalism Cognitivism

18. Say what language functions are regarded as primary by Functionalism:

1. A communicative function

2. A cognitive function

3. Both

19. Match functions of elements of language and their possible treatment in linguistics:

    c The purpose of the use of a language unit a The meaning of a language unit d The communicative intention of the speaker b The role of a language unit within a larger unit

    Semantic approach Syntactic approach Teleological approach Communicative approach

20. Say whether in Bondarko’s doctrine

1. A semantic function is equal to a grammatical meaning

2. A semantic function is not equal to a grammatical meaning

21. Say whether in the utterance “ I had taken off my shirt and put it again before going down” the SF “ temporal location of an action as prior to another past action” is

1. The meaning of the grammatical form

2. A combination of the meaning of the grammatical form and other language units associated with it.

22. Match the types of Functional Semantic Fields (FSF) and their possible nuclei.

d A lexico-grammatical class of words b A grammatical form e A syntactic structure c A grammatical class of words a A grammatical category

FSF “temporality” FSF “subject-object relations” FSF “definiteness/indefiniteness” FSF “quality” FSF “condition”, “concession”, “comparison” etc.

23. say whether the utterances “the thinness referred to by Japp”, “this period just before my posting in New York” and “the flat upstairs” are

1. “loose” synonyms

2. “strict” synonyms

24. Say whether the utterances “the son of a famous poet” and “this husband of my defiant sister” are

1. “loose” synonyms

2. “strict” synonyms

25. Consider the “loose” synonyms “the evening of my arrival” and “that bed which stood in the room” and say which criteria of “strictness” are missing.