UNIT 11. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS IN MAINTENANCE DOCUMENTATION
Start up
Exercise 1. Warning signs can indicate any potential hazard, obstacle or condition requiring special attention. Look at the pictures and say what instructions these signs give. When we give instructions, we use the infinitive of the verb. To give a warning or prohibit an action we use do not.
Example: A. Do not touch! The object is under high voltage.
A B
C D
E F
Exercise 2. Safety Engineering is the activity consisting of the cohesive collection of all tasks that are primarily performed to ensure that the acceptable level of safety risk of an endeavor and its work products is not exceeded. Look at the scheme and say how unified standards ensure safety in Europe. The connectors below the picture will help you.
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Words to introduce a chain of events |
First(ly), second(ly), then, thus, such as, after, finally |
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Words expressing result |
So, as a result |
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Vocabulary
Exercise 1. There are a number of words to describe development and management of safety. Fill in the gaps in the text with the words from the box.
a) rules |
b) regulations |
c) migration |
d) technical specification |
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e) technical standards |
f) safety |
g) legislation |
h) technical requirements |
__________ (1) rules and standards, such as operating ________ (2), signalling rules, requirements on staff and ____________ (3) applicable to rolling stock have been devised mainly nationally. Under the _________ (4) currently in force, a variety of bodies deals with safety. These national safety rules, which are often based on national _________ (5), should gradually be replaced by rules based on common standards, established by ___________ (6) for interoperability (TSIs). The new national rues should be in line with Community
__________ (7) and facilitate __________ (8) towards a common approach to railway safety. The Commission has the power to suspend the implementation of a national safety rule for a maximum of six months.
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Exercise 2. Match a word in A with a definition in B.
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B |
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hazard |
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the standard is not recommended for use for new equipment, but is |
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retained to provide for the servicing of existing equipment that is |
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expected to have a long working life |
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current |
b |
the standard is no longer current |
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3 |
obsolescent |
c |
a situation that may give rise to personal injury or asset damage or both |
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4 |
withdrawn |
d |
the standard is being used now |
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5 |
harm |
e |
freedom from risk of injury or asset damage (loss) |
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6 |
safety |
f |
injury or damage |
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Translation and rendering
Exercise 1. Translate the following passage into Russian. Use a dictionary. Then compare your translation with a partner’s to improve.
Good industry practice requires that process and plant modifications should not be undertaken without having undertaken a safety, engineering and technical review. This review should be traceable and identify changes proposed to the following factors: process conditions; operating methods; engineering methods; safety; environmental conditions; engineering hardware and design. A form of risk assessment should then identify what hazards have been created by the change that may affect plant or personnel safety, and what action can be implemented to reduce or eliminate the risk. Additional hazards that may be introduced which need to be considered are fire, explosion and loss of containment. Changes may affect other parts of the plant which may be quite remote from the source of the change. Therefore, all parts of the plant should be considered in undertaking hazard identification and risk assessments. Factors that are crucial to the success and safe implementation of a plant modification procedure include corporate history; communication between different departments; recognition of authorised personnel.
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http://www.hse.gov.uk |
Exercise 2. Read the following passage, title it and render in English. |
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2$' & ) ! .$, & ) ! . |
& &0 " !, $& #( |
$5* "( -. ' (% & ) + '# |
. 7$' & ) 5 7$' & ) |
'#- . & " # . !. &$ . # "( " !, '# . !53
"% . , &0 ' 0- ! # . & , & . -3 &( # " & 53.
# . & -3 &( . ( |
(' !&0 -* '# #( |
'# ) |
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/$) # ! '#- . & " # . ! '# |
- $ ' + |
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& ). $) # ' # . & -3 &( |
. ( |
# * &0 |
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& % *$ |
-, & |
'#- . & " # . ! |
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" ' * &0 . " & 7$' & ).
' ) 0 ( + & , '# . '# . 53 "-' & . ( "(&0 (' ( # ' ( &$, *& "( % ( "( % # 6 #-* ,( (6 ( '#- . & + " & $ , ) ,, $& #(, # & ' &0.
& '#- . & " # . !, '# . & !53 ' &0, . ( "(&0$# 6 ( 0 ( ) & "-* ( & & & 53 , - $, "-' &
& & & . + & 53 , & . #& ,.
http://www.docload.ru/Basesdoc/6/6933/index.htm
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Writing
Exercise 1. Study the accident form below and write the description of the accident.
When did it happen? |
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Date: |
21.05.20__ |
Time: |
10 a.m. |
Name of injured person |
Eugenie Agabian |
Address |
Resident of York |
Phone number |
0121121212 |
Age |
27 |
Female/Male |
Male |
Job title |
Technician |
Who was the injured person? |
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Employee |
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On training scheme |
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On work experience |
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Self-employed |
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Member of the public |
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Kind of accident |
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Contact with moving machinery |
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Hit by object |
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Hit be moving vehicle |
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Hit something fixed |
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Injured while handling, lifting, carrying |
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Slipped, tripped, fell |
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Trapped |
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Drowned |
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Exposed to harmful substances |
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Exposed to fire |
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Exposed to electricity |
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Other |
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Exercise 2. An Accident Investigation Inspector has produced a Health and Safety report following the Super Voyager train’s accident. When we give recommendations, we use Imperative forms. Find them in the passage below.
The following safety recommendations are made:
Facilitate actions necessary for development and implementation of positive train control systems that include collision avoidance, and require implementation of positive train control systems on main line tracks, establishing priority requirements for high-risk corridors such as those where commuter and intercity passenger railroads operate.
Include, in your operational (efficiency) testing program, specific signal tests designed to ensure that your train crews consistently follow uniform operating procedures when they encounter reduced visibility conditions en route.
Exercise 3. Write your own recommendations following the Eugenie Agabian’s accident (60–80 words).
Key words |
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accident |
* & (+ * +; $& /; # ! |
crucial factor |
$5* +/# 6 53 + /$& # |
ergonomics |
7# ,$ ( 0 * + #-) ., |
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-* 53 ! . ( '# ) ( ! .) |
explosion |
-#( ; -#( |
failure |
# !, ' # ., &$ - |
fatality |
, #&0 (& * & * !) |
fault |
# !, '# &0, ' # . |
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flammable substance |
$ ' , !53 ! 3 & |
harm |
# .; 3 #" |
hazard |
#$, ' &0 |
human factor |
* *$+ /$& # |
incompetence |
$,' & & &0; ' " &0 |
injury |
# ., ' # ., ' #*, "(&$, 3 #" |
loss |
' & #!, 6; " 0; $# 6 |
maintenance procedure |
'# ) . # # , & |
mitigate |
, 06 &0 |
normative publication |
#, & (+ .$, & |
protective equipment |
-3 & " # . |
safety |
"-' &0 |
safety measures |
, #( "-' & |
technical review |
& % *$+ "-# |
to eliminate the risk |
$5* &0 #$ |
toxic substance |
!53 3 & |
workplace |
'#- . & ' , 3; # " * , & |
Checklist
Assess your progress in this unit. Say which statements are true about you.
1)I can use past tenses when I describe an accident.
2)I can use Imperative when I write safety recommendations.
3)My listening and reading are good enough to understand most of each text in this unit.
4)I can use key words to discuss safety requirements in maintenance documentation with my colleagues.
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UNIT 12. CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Start up
Exercise 1. Look at the signs of some hazardous materials warning labels. How many classes of dangerous goods are there? Can you explain them? Which class is not in the list?
Class 1: Explosives |
Class 1.1: Explosives |
Class 1.5: Blasting Agents |
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Class 2.1: Flammable Gas |
Class 2.2: Oxygen |
Class 2.3: Poisonous Gas |
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Class 4.1: Flammable Solids Class 4.3: Dangerous when |
Class 5.1: OxidizingAgent |
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Wet |
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Class 5.1: OxidizingAgent |
Class 6.1: Poison |
Class 7: Radioactive |
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Class 8: Corrosive |
Class 9: Miscellaneous |
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_goods
Exercise 2. Read the following passage about dangerous goods and say which scheme shows its logic better. Fill in the scheme chosen with the materials from the text.
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A
B
Hazardous Materials
Dangerous goods, also called hazardous materials or HazMat, are solids, liquids, or gases that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. They are often subject to chemical regulations. Dangerous goods include materials that are radioactive, flammable, explosive, corrosive, oxidizing, asphyxiating, biohazardous, toxic, pathogenic, or allergenic. Also included are physical conditions such as compressed gases and liquids or hot materials, including all goods containing such materials or chemicals, or may have other characteristics that render them hazardous in specific circumstances.
Dangerous goods are often indicated by diamond-shaped signage. The colours of each diamond in a way has reference to its hazard i.e.: Flammable = red because fire and heat are generally of red colour, Explosive = orange, because mixing red (flammable) with yellow (oxidising agent) creates orange. Non Flammable Non Toxic Gas = green, due to all compressed air vessels being this colour in France after World War II.
Mitigating the risks associated with hazardous materials may require the application of safety precautions during their transport, use, storage and disposal. Most countries regulate hazardous materials by law, and they are subject to several international treaties as well. The most widely applied regulatory scheme is that for the transportation of dangerous goods. The Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail has developed the Regulations concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail ("RID", part of the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail).
Dangerous goods are assigned to different classes ranging from 1 to 9. These types of goods can range from those which are highly dangerous (such as explosives, flammables and fuming acids) to everyday products such as paints, solvents and pesticides found in the home and at work.
Class 1 includes Explosive Dangerous Goods. Class 2 includes gases, which are compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure as detailed below. Some gases have subsidiary risk classes, poisonous or corrosive. Flammable liquids are included in Class 3 and Flammable Solids are in class 4. Class 5 includes oxidizing agents and organic peroxides. Class 6 is for Toxic and Infectious Substances, which are liable to cause death or serious injury to human health. Radioactive substances (class 7) comprise substances or a combination of substances,
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which emit ionizing radiation (uranium, plutonium). Corrosive substances (class 8) are substances that can dissolve organic tissue or severely corrode certain metals: acids (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid) and alkalis (potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide). Class 9 includes hazardous substances that do not fall into the other categories (asbestos, air-bag inflators, self-inflating life rafts, dry ice).
http://en.wikipedia.org
Vocabulary
Exercise 1. We use a number of special words when speaking about carriage of dangerous goods. Fill in the gaps in the text with the words given below.
a) classes |
b) consignors |
c) hazard |
d) carriage |
e) carriers |
f) dangerous goods |
g) regulations |
h) substances |
_____________ (1) are liquid or solid ____________ (2) and articles containing them, that have been tested and assessed against internationally-agreed criteria – a process called classification – and found to be potentially dangerous (hazardous) when carried. Dangerous goods are assigned to different _____________ (3) depending on their predominant
______________ (4). There are _______________ (5) to deal with the ______________ (6) of dangerous goods, the purpose of which is to protect everyone either directly involved (such as _____________ (7) or carriers (8), or who might become involved (such as members of the emergency services and public).
Exercise 2. There are several types of vehicle to transport dangerous goods by rail. Match a type of vehicle in A with its definition in B.
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A |
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B |
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1 |
bulk container |
a |
multimodal assemblies of cylinders, tubes and bundles of cylinders that |
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are interconnected by a manifold and assembled within a framework and |
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service equipment or structural equipment necessary for the |
transport of |
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gases in the cylinders and tubes |
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2 |
gas container |
b |
a receptacle for dangerous goods and service equipment or structural |
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equipment that enables the receptacle to |
transport the goods |
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3 |
tank |
c |
a container, with or without a liner or coating, that has a capacity of 1m3 |
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or more and is intended for the transport |
of solid dangerous |
goods that |
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are in direct contact with the container |
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Translation and rendering
Exercise 1. Read the following passage from Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Translate it into Russian. Use a dictionary. Then compare your translation with a partner’s to improve.
Hazardous commodities generally remain contained during such accidents because of the attention given to crash proofing in the design of shipping containers and bulk rail cars. During an accident, the contents are removed from the damaged car by emergency response crews that represent the shipper*. Equipment maintainers repair the damage to the extent possible and put the car back on the track, if possible. However, the track under the derailed car may have been destroyed. If so, repair or replacement of track occurs next, using prefabricated sections and special techniques.
In some situations, loss of containment occurs and the contents of the car or shipping container spill onto the ground. If substances are shipped* in quantities sufficient to require
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placarding because of transportation laws, they are readily identifiable on shipping manifests*. However, highly hazardous substances that are shipped in smaller quantities than mandated for listing in a shipping manifest can escape identification and characterization for a considerable period. Containment at the site and collection of the spilled material are the responsibility of the shipper.
Railway personnel can be exposed to materials that remain in snow, soil or vegetation during rehabilitation efforts. The severity of exposure depends on the properties and quantity of the substance, the geometry of the site and weather conditions. The situation could also pose fire, explosion, reactivity and toxic hazards to humans, animals and the surrounding environment
U.S. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 2012.
*Vocabulary notes:
shipper – #-&'# & 0
to ship – &'# !&0 #- (#-* (, . , ' #&) shipping manifest – #- ! .$# ) !
Did you know?
“Commodity” is a good for which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market. “Goods” is merchandise when transported, esp. by rail (chiefly British).
Exercise 2. Read the passage below, title it and render in English.
(" # ! . ' #&, . |
* &( &0, *& $.(+ - |
% |
" . & + |
' ) /$+ " &!,. ! -. # (% ' # - $: |
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1) " 06 ! 7//$& &0 |
' 0- . & & ! |
'# |
' # -$% |
# & ! " 200 $,; |
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2)& & 0 ! . 6 - ' & 6 5 $ & , " 0 (, ' # -$, . & $ ;
3)-, &0 . & $ «. . #» - * & & 0 & ' .1-. (% ' & + $ '# .'# !& !,;
4) |
' " &0 |
' # -&0 , 5 6 #$5 |
,, |
#-* (% |
#- ; |
- , &0 & $, & *$% +. |
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# 0 (, |
#-, & !& ! 6& * ( #-(; |
&. . |
'$ $ |
"- , |
'# , ,( $ ' #& # $ ' * & #- (% , &. !& ! ' . & #(
'$ $ & # '$ * ( #-( ( , 6$%, $# "$%, !3$%, " *$% &...). #-( $# ' (% #- (% ' #& (% . ) % ('$& %, ' ..%, + # %, $& + # %, $& # %) # & ( #-( "- & #( '$ $ ( "(, ' . !
& %$ , , &$$)).
-. !5& ! ' #-, # , "(* (, . , # ( ( (6 % ,)
" # & (; ' , – |
$ ( &! ( |
(, (6 5 &). |
# ' #& ( .$, &( |
(' ( 5& ! #-' # -*$, |
. & # &, *& |
& # '# !& , $ ' # -$ . |
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http://www.transinterlog.com/articles/82/ |
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Key words |
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allergenic |
# (+ |
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asphyxiating |
(-( 53 + . 60 |
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biohazardous |
" *$ ' (+ |
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bulk container |
$& + # . ! (' (% #- |
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chemical regulation |
'# ' # -$ % , *$% 3 & |
consignor |
#-&'# & 0 |
corrosive |
.$+; $##-+ (+ |
dangerous goods |
' ( #-( |
emergency instruction |
$) ! . + & !% # + + & ) |
emergency service |
# + ! " |
explosive |
-#( * &(+, -#( ' (+ |
flammable |
' (+; $ ' , !53 + ! |
hazardous material |
' (+, -#( * &(+ , & # |
label |
!# ($, 7&$&$ , $+$ |
liquid |
.$&0; .$+ |
loading |
' #-$ |
oxidizing |
$ ; $!53 + |
pathogenic |
"-& # (+, ' & (+ |
radioactive |
# .$& (+ |
regulation |
'# |
safety precautions |
, #( "-' & |
solid |
& :#.(+ ( .$+ -"#-(+) |
spillage |
& *$ |
substance |
3 & |
tank wagon |
-) & # |
toxic |
&$*$+, !. &(+ |
unloading |
#-#-$ |
warning label |
'# . '# . & 0 ! 7&$&$ |
Checklist
Assess your progress in this unit. Say which statements are true about you.
1)I can use prepositions when I speak about the carriage of dangerous goods.
2)I can understand the classes of dangerous goods and most of abbreviations for regulations applying to the transport of dangerous goods mentioned in the unit.
3)My listening and reading are good enough to understand most of each text in this unit.
4)I can use key words to discuss the carriage of dangerous goods with my colleagues.
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