1. Viktor Koptilov’s division of ts.

General theory of translation (Загальна теорія перекладу) main studies of translation.

Partial theory of translation (Часткова теорія перекладу)

Typological theory of translation ( видова теорія перекладу) generates of translating different literature junks.

Translation Criticism (критика перекладу) analizing of translation of new point to general

1. the literary translation criticism

2. linguistic translation criticism

History of translation (історія перекладу) the study of evolution

1. the literary study of the history of translation (analysis of influence of the translated works of nation and society life)

2. linguistic study of the history of translation

2. Susan Bassenet’s division of TS.

Sussan Bassnett - (represent of the school of manipulation) also introduced her division of translation study:

Translation Study

/ /

Product-oriented process-oriented

4 general areas

1) History of translation ( a part of literary history)

- different approches – different types

- critical response to translation

- practical process of commissioning and publishing of translation

- role and function of translation in a certain period

- methodological development of translation

- analysis of the work of individuals translations

2) Translation in the target l-re/ culture

It extend the work of a single author, research the influence of the text and gender on the absorption of norms of translation text into the target language system; principles of selecting of works / genres/

/

he work with one author

3) Translation and linguistic:

Studies of comparative arrangement of linguistic elements between TL and SL with regard to different of language levels (we compare arrange of TT and ST taking into account all levels )

• linguistic equivalence – translation of non-literal texts

• untranslatability – machine translation (Sodomora – supports / Ravchuk - rejects)

• Language found

4) Translation and Poetics

- theory and practice

- general/genre specific

- Problems of translation poetry / drama/opera/cinema (doubling or subtitling)

- poetics of individuals style of translator and comparison between them

- interrelationship between TL and SL texts, author –translator-reader

S. Bassnett stressed on problems of evaluation of translation: - close or remote (in terms of original )

- poetry is poetry, drama is drama