- •Dealing with statistics вивчаючи статистику
- •Fundamentals of Statistics
- •Read and translate the text: What is statistics?
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Present tenses Present Simple. Present Continuous. State Verbs
- •2. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •3. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box in the correct present tense.
- •Look at the following extracts. There are six incorrect verbs. Find and correct them.
- •Unit 2. A very brief history of statistics.
- •Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •Read and memorize the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences. Pay attention to the prepositions.
- •Read and translate the following sentences:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Why you need to use statistics
- •Past tenses 1 Past Simple. Past Continuous. Used to/ Would.
- •1. Fill in the gaps in this model answer with verbs from the box in the past simple.
- •3 A teacher and student are talking about local customs. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Use would or used to where possible.
- •Unit 3. Variable and constant. Discrete and continuous.
- •Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •Read and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences.
- •Read and translate the following sentences:
- •Read and translate the texts:
- •Variable and constant
- •Discrete and continuous
- •5. Write out the definitions from the texts:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •8. Give examples of:
- •Present perfect Present Perfect. Present Perfect Continuous
- •1 Tick (/) the correct underlined verbs, and correct the verbs that are wrong.
- •3. Underline the correct form of the verbs.
- •4 Fill in the gaps with a verb from the box in the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. You will need to use some verbs more than once.
- •Unit 4. Cardinal and ordinal. Population and sample.
- •1. Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •Read and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences.
- •Read and translate the following sentences:
- •Read and translate the texts:
- •5. Write out the definitions out of the texts:
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •8. Give examples of:
- •9. Summarize the contents of the text in 10 – 15 sentences. Use the expressions:
- •Past tenses іі Past Perfect. Past Perfect Continuous.
- •1 Fill in the gaps with the past perfect simple of the verbs in brackets in the positive or negative.
- •2 Complete the report with the past simple or past perfect simple of the verbs in brackets
- •Unit 5. Misuses of statistics.
- •Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •Read and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences.
- •Read and translate the following sentences:
- •Read and translate the texts:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •Sum up all the information about statistics and discuss this topic with your group-mates according to the plan:
- •Future 1 Plans, Intentions and Predictions: Present Continuous; Going to; Will
- •Fill in the gaps in the second half of this model answer with phrases from the box.
- •2 Fill in the gaps with the present continuous or will-future form of the verbs in brackets.
- •Unit 6. Basic statistical vocabulary.
- •1. Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •2. Read, translate and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences.
- •Read and translate the following sentences:
- •Read and translate the texts:
- •Variables and data
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •8. Write out the definitions of variables from the texts:
- •Give examples of these variables.
- •Summarize the contents of the text in 10 – 15 sentences. Use the expressions:
- •Don’t put all your data into one basket!
- •Future 2 Present Simple; be about to; future continuous; future perfect
- •The following chart shows the results of a class survey about planned activities for Saturday afternoon. Complete the sentences using the future continuous tense.
- •Read the following projections about the future population of Australia
- •3 In six of these sentences there is a verb in the wrong tense. Underline each mistake and write the correction.
- •4 Fill in the gaps with a future form from this unit and the verbs in brackets.
- •Test Practice. Academic Writing Task 1
- •Test Yourself (Unit 1–6)
- •Unit 7. Sources of Data.
- •Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •Read and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences.
- •Read and translate the following sentences:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the expressions:
- •Get ready to speak about sources of data. Use the following phrases:
- •Adjectives and Adverbs Describing things; adding information about manner, place, time, frequency and intensity.
- •1 Read the test task and the students' responses. Some of the adjectives they used are underlined. If they are used correctly, put a tick (/). If they are wrong, write the correct answer.
- •2 Write the missing adjectives and adverbs.
- •3 Match the beginnings (1-8) and the endings (a-h) of the sentences. Join them by adding a suitable -ed or -ing adjective formed from one of the verbs in the box. Use each verb once.
- •4 Underline the correct words.
- •Unit 8. Presenting Categorical Data.
- •1. Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •2. Read and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences.
- •3. Read and translate the following sentences:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •Column Variable
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •7 Answer the following questions:
- •8. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the expressions:
- •9. Get ready to speak about “Presenting Numerical Data”. Use the following phrases:
- •Comparing things Comparative and superlative adjectives and adverbs; other ways of comparing
- •1 Fill in the gaps with the adjectives in the box in a comparative or superlative form.
- •2 Fill in the gaps with the words in brackets in a comparative or superlative form.
- •3 Fill in the gaps in the model answer below. Use one word in each gap.
- •Academic Writing Task 2
- •Unit 9. Analysing and Presenting Data.
- •1. Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •Read and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences.
- •3. Read and translate the following sentences:
- •4. Read and translate the texts:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •Give examples of graphs you know. Modals I
- •I Obligation and necessity; suggestion and advice; adverbs
- •2 Fill in the gaps below with the correct form of (not) have to, must, (not) need or should.
- •3 Read the extract. Decide if the underlined phrases are correct or not. Tick (✓) them if they are right and correct them if they are wrong.
- •4 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of (not) have to, ought to or must(n't) and the verbs in brackets.
- •Modals II Ability; possibility; alternatives to modals
- •5 Underline the most suitable words. Sometimes both options are possible
- •6 Tick (✓) the sentence, a or b, which best matches the sentence on the right.
- •7 Replace the underlined phrases with a suitable past modal phrase.
- •Unit 10. Describing data.
- •Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •Read and memorize the following words. Use them in the sentences.
- •3. Read and translate the following sentences:
- •4. Read and translate the texts:
- •Inferring differences and relationships
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •11. Changes can also be described in more detail by modifying a verb with an adverb. Using a verb from box a and an adverb from box b make sentences describing the changes represented on the graph.
- •12. Read the following summary of the Magic Music Downloads. The expressions in bold refer to time and amount. Underline the expression that you think is correct according to the graph.
- •Write a brief summary of your own graph using the language you have covered in this lesson.
- •14. Extension. (If you have time in this lesson or for the beginning of the next lesson)
- •Up close and personal: Survey results
- •If your data are categorical:
- •If your data are numerical:
- •Reported speech Tense changes; time references; reporting questions; reporting verbs
- •1 Here is a conversation between Tanya and her teacher.
- •2 Underline the correct verb in each sentence.
- •3 Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
- •4 Report each of the sentences below using a verb from the box. Remember that you do not need to report the original words exactly.
- •Uniit 11 categorical data in tables and graphs
- •Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •Memorize the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences. Pay attention to the prepositions.
- •Read and translate the following sentences:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •Ask 10 general questions to the text.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Get ready to speak about presenting categorical data using tables. Draw the examples of a frequency, a cross-classification table and graphs to support your talk.
- •1 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •2 Underline the correct form of the verbs.
- •4 Fill in the gaps in the letter using both of the verbs in brackets.
- •Unit 12 numerical data in tables and graphs
- •1. Practice the pronunciation of the words:
- •2. Memorize the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences. Pay attention to the prepositions.
- •3. Read and translate the following sentences:
- •4. Read and translate the text:
- •Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Ask 10 disjunctive questions to the text.
- •7. Answer the following questions:
- •8. Get ready to speak about the graphs. Use the following phrases:
- •Likelihood based on conditions
- •I. Zero, first and second conditionals; other ways to introduce a condition
- •2 Fill in the gaps in the extracts below using the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
- •3 Decide if the underlined verbs are correct or not. Tick (✓) them if they are right and correct them if they are wrong
- •4 Underline the correct words.
- •II Third conditional; mixed conditionals; wishes and regrets; should(n’t) have
- •1 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •2 Read about two scientific discoveries that were made due to chance and complete the sentences.
- •3 Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences below.
- •Test Practice. Academic Reading
- •Academic Writing Task 3
- •Test Yourself (Units 7 – 12)
- •Keys to grammar exercises удалено Grammar references
- •Future continuous
- •Future perfect
- •Future perfect continuous
- •1 Adjectives
- •2 Adverbs
- •Irregular adverbs
- •Reported Statements
- •Reported Questions
- •Reported Orders
- •Reported Commands, Requests, Suggestions, etc
- •Difference in meaning between the to-infinitive and -ing form
- •The infinitive without to (also called bare infinitive) is used:
- •Conditionals:Types 2 and 3
- •Other words to introduce a condition
- •In case
- •Mixed conditionals
- •Irregular verbs
- •Glossary
- •Key vocabulary index
- •References
- •Content
4 Fill in the gaps with a future form from this unit and the verbs in brackets.
Teacher: What mill you will you be doing (l you/do) this time next year?
Student 1: Well, that's difficult to say but I hope that I _________ (2 travel) round the world. Before then I __________ (3 hopefully/save up) enough money for the ticket. I plan to end up in Australia and when I _________ (4 get) there I'll get a job and earn some money. So, in a year's time I _________ (5 probably/travel) for a few months already. I hope that I _______ (6 visit) quite a lot of different countries by then too.
Teacher: What do you plan to do when you graduate?
Student 2: Well, my plans have changed a bit. I _______ (7 do) a journalism course, but I didn't get accepted. So I've sorted something else out and I ________ (8 start) a hospitality course tomorrow, actually. It's for six months, so I ________ (9 not/finish) in time to go travelling next spring, unfortunately. However, as soon as I _________ (10 find out) if I've passed the course, I can apply for a job in a hotel in Australia
Test Practice. Academic Writing Task 1
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
The birth rate in most developed countries is predicted to begin to fall over the next 50 years. By 2030 it is estimated that over one third of the population in most developed countries will be aged 65 and over.
What effects will these predictions have on developed countries if they prove true? What can be done now to deal with this situation?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. You should write at least 250 words.
Grammar focus task.
Look at the extract from a model answer below. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the box in the correct future tense.
be pay rise work
... By 2030 the percentage of the population aged 65 or older 1 __________ significantly, to more than 30%. This means that fewer people 2 ___________ , and therefore fewer people 3 __________ income tax. In the future it may be necessary for governments to increase the official retirement age to 70 or even older. When today's 30-year-olds 4 __________ in their sixties it is unlikely that they will enjoy the relaxed lifestyle that today's older generation can expect when they give up work
Test Yourself (Unit 1–6)
1. The portion of the population that is selected for analysis is called:
(a) a sample
(b) a frame
(c) a parameter
(d) a statistic
2. A summary measure that is computed from only a sample of the population is called:
(a) a parameter
(b) a population
(c) a discrete variable
(d) a statistic
3. The height of an individual is an example of a:
(a) discrete variable
(b) continuous variable
(c) categorical variable
(d) constant
4. The body style of an automobile (sedan, coupe, wagon, etc.) is an example of a:
(a) discrete variable
(b) continuous variable
(c) categorical variable
(d) constant
5. The number of credit cards in a person’s wallet is an example of a:
(a) discrete variable
(b) continuous variable
(c) categorical variable
(d) constant
6. Statistical inference occurs when you:
(a) compute descriptive statistics from a sample
(b) take a complete census of a population
(c) present a graph of data
(d) take the results of a sample and draw conclusions about a population
7. The human resources director of a large corporation wants to develop a dental benefits package and decides to select 100 employees from a list of all 5,000 workers in order to study their preferences for the various components of a potential package. All the employees in the corporation constitute the _______.
(a) sample
(b) population
(c) statistic
(d) parameter
8. The human resources director of a large corporation wants to develop a dental benefits package and decides to select 100 employees from a list of all 5,000 workers in order to study their preferences for the various components of a potential package. The 100 employees who will participate in this study constitute the _______.
(a) sample
(b) population
(c) statistic
(d) parameter
9. Those methods involving the collection, presentation, and characterization of a set of data in order to properly describe the various features of that set of data are called:
(a) statistical inference
(b) the scientific method
(c) sampling
(d) descriptive statistics
10. Based on the results of a poll of 500 registered voters, the conclusion that the Republican candidate for U.S. president will win the upcoming election is an example of:
(a) inferential statistics
(b) descriptive statistics
(c) a parameter
(d) a statistic
11. A summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic of an entire population is called:
(a) a parameter
(b) a population
(c) a discrete variable
(d) a statistic
12. You were working on a project to look at the value of the American dollar as compared to the English pound. You accessed an Internet site where you obtained this information for the past 50 years. Which method of data collection were you using?
(a) Published sources
(b) Experimentation
(c) Surveying
13. Which of the following is a discrete variable?
(a) The favorite flavor of ice cream of students at your local elementary school
(b) The time it takes for a certain student to walk to your local elementary school
(c) The distance between the home of a certain student and the local elementary school
(d) The number of teachers employed at your local elementary school
14. Which of the following is a continuous variable?
(a) The eye color of children eating at a fast-food chain
(b) The number of employees of a branch of a fast-food chain
(c) The temperature at which a hamburger is cooked at a branch of a fast-food chain
(d) The number of hamburgers sold in a day at a branch of a fast-food chain
15. The number of cars that arrive per hour at a parking lot is an example of:
(a) a categorical variable
(b) a discrete variable
(c) a continuous variable
(d) a statistic
16. The possible responses to the question “How long have you been living at your current residence?” are values from a continuous variable.
(a) True
(b) False
17. The possible responses to the question “How many times in the past three months have you visited a museum?” are values from a discrete variable.
(a) True
(b) False
18. An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. The number of accidents a person has had in the past three years is an example of a _______ variable.
19. An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. The distance a person drives in a day is an example of a _______ variable.
20. An insurance company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. A person’s marital status is an example of a _______ variable.