- •Предисловие
- •Content
- •Introduction
- •Step I. Planning stage
- •Seven basic questions
- •Аннотация
- •Реферат
- •Annotation
- •Abstract
- •Exercise 4. Read the following passages. Choose one and render from English into Russian.
- •A. Abstract
- •Step II. Script stage
- •General idea Specific idea № 1 Specific idea № 2
- •Editing checklist 1
- •Step III. Theses: style and outline
- •Novosibirsk state transport university: years of progress in education and science
- •Nowadays, stu is one of the leading transport universities in Russia and an important scientific center (a topic sentence).
- •Evaluation of management quality of enterprise finance problems
- •Toyota’s labor capacity optimization system
- •Vladimir s. Blinov Novosibirsk State Technical University
- •Resources-economy technologies at repair of rolling stock Boris d. Malozyomov
- •Exercise 1. Do you remember all types of paragraphs? Can you name them? Analyze the passages once more and find the similarities in their outline format and style.
- •South korea: the quest to stay a high-performing Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development company
- •Grasp opportunities in growth centres
- •C. How to train a specialist for solving engineering problems
- •Editing checklist 2
- •Editing checklist 3
- •Editing checklist 4
- •Editing checklist 5
- •Say what you want to do … do it … say what you have done
- •Introduction and thesis statement (Say what you want to do)
- •The body of the paper (Do it)
- •Conclusion (Say what you have done)
- •Role of marketing in modern society
- •Siberian Transport University
- •Rapid growth in mechanical engineering
- •The little engine that might
- •Step IV. Describing trends
- •Typical phrases to present visuals
- •Exercise 1. Answer the following questions:
- •Exercise 2. Divide the visuals below into three groups: 1) graphs; 2) charts; 3) diagrams.
- •On to at out about
- •If As Whatever Whichever However
- •Lesson message significance conclusions implications
- •Having It All: How a shift Toward Balance affected cpAs and Firms
- •Advancement/Upward Mobility
- •ProRail predicts rcf hotspots
- •Step V. Speaking. Steps to better communication
- •Stages of presentation
- •Helpful language models
- •Verbs to guide the audience
- •Follow - run missed - say see - explain catch - repeat
- •1) You didn't hear:
- •2) You don't understand:
- •Step VI. Debates
- •Phrases to make the missed points clear
- •The principle of cooperation:
- •The principle of politeness:
- •1. Inviting for debates
- •2. Clarifying a point
- •3. Asking for additional information
- •4. Going back to an earlier point
- •5. Criticising
- •1. Avoiding an answer
- •2. Conceding a point
- •3. Dealing with aggression
- •4. Clearing up a misunderstanding
- •5. Finishing the question session
- •AnnexEs
- •Registration form
- •Sample paper hrm Transition in Indonesian Companies: Linear and Non-Linear Approaches Nurianna Thoha, Maureen Bickley and Alma Whiteley
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Literature Review
- •3. Conclusion
- •7Th International Conference on Applied Financial Samos Island, Greece – 2010
- •Frame: describing trends
- •Increase, rise, go up – decrease, fall, go down By, to, from … to Slight, sharp, dramatic, steady slightly, sharply, dramatically, steadily
- •Useful phrases for the discussion
- •How to become a good presenter
- •Frame: conference
- •Techniques
- •Answer keys
- •References
Step V. Speaking. Steps to better communication
OBJECTIVES: at the speaking stage you are going to learn how to become a good presenter.
As you have learned to some extent it is possible to speak about the typical structure of any report and because of that of the typical language used. As far as the structure is concerned, usually we can find three main parts in reports: introduction, main body, and conclusion. As for the main body of the report, specialists as a rule do not have any difficulty in presenting the problem they are working at. But it is not so easy “to frame” it following some universal rules and language (see Table 3) [4].
Table 3
Stages of presentation
Opening |
Signals of the start |
To gain the attention of the audience |
Greetings to the audience |
To greet the audience |
|
Self-identification |
To introduce yourself or to thank the person who introduced you |
|
Creating a positive emotional atmosphere |
To attract attention, to give a smile, to tell a joke, to ask for something, to do something memorable |
|
Main body |
Starting the target |
To define clearly the purpose of your report |
Providing an overview |
To outline the main points of the report |
|
Stating the rules |
To inform the audience of the length of the report, what action, if any, is to be taken, the time and the form of questions. |
|
Conclusion |
Summary |
You repeat briefly the main points of the report or give a summary of the main proposal or conclusion |
Closing |
You thank people for their attention and invite them to ask questions. |
Each part has its own language models to make it “alive” (See Table 4).
Table 4
Helpful language models
Opening |
To gain the attention of the audience
|
Formal: Can I have your attention, please? Let's begin/start/get started/make a start. Informal: Right. OK. Now then… Good. OK. So. Right then. Shall we begin? |
To greet the audience
|
Good morning, colleagues. Good morning/afternoon/evening, ladies and gentleman. Hello. |
|
To introduce yourself or to thank the person who introduced you
|
Let me introduce myself. As you already probably know… My name is… I'm …. of… I represent… I work for….. as….. |
|
To attract attention, to give a smile, to tell a joke, to ask for something, to do something memorable |
|
|
Main body |
To define clearly the purpose of your report
|
I’m going to/I would like to… I am going to speak about... My goal today is to present/to analyze… The goal of my report is to inform/to review/to report… |
To outline the main points of the report
|
I’ve divided my report into three parts/sections as follows:… My report will be in three parts… |
|
To inform the audience of the length of the report, what action, if any, is to be taken, the time and the form of questions.
|
The report will take about 10 minutes. I am going to speak about half an hour. If you have any questions, I will be glad to answer them at the end of my report. If you don’t understand please stop me.
|
|
Conclusion |
To repeat briefly the main points of the report or give a summary of the main proposal or conclusion |
So, … Let us summarize. So, as you could see… |
To thank people for their attention and invite them to ask questions. |
Thank you for your attention/listening to me attentively. Feel free to ask questions./ if you have any questions I’ll be glad to answer them. |
Don’t waste a lot of time at the beginning of your presentation introducing yourself, your organization and the subject of your talk. It is essential to state the purpose of your presentation near the beginning. To do this clearly and effectively you need a few simple presentation verbs: take a look at, report on, give an overview of, etc.
The content is much more important than anything else in a good presentation. And a clear structure will help you. When you move on to your next point or change direction, tell the audience. You can do this easily and effectively using simple verbs as signposts to guide the audience through your presentation (See Table 5):
Table 5