5. Переведите текст, озаглавив его. Передайте письменно содержание текста на английском языке, сократив его на 1/3.

But doing the right thing is not always so simple, even though few people deliberately choose to develop vicious habits. Aristotle sharply disagreed with Socrates's belief that knowing what is right always results in doing it. The great enemy of moral conduct, on Aristotle's view, is precisely the failure to behave well even on those occasions when one's deliberation has resulted in clear knowledge of what is right.

Incontinent agents suffer from a sort of weakness of the will that prevents them from carrying out actions in conformity with what they have reasoned. This may appear to be a simple failure of intelligence, Aristotle acknowledged, since the akratic individual seems not to draw the appropriate connection between the general moral rule and the particular case to which it applies. Somehow, the overwhelming prospect of some great pleasure seems to obscure one's perception of what is truly good. But this difficulty, Aristotle held, need not be fatal to the achievement of virtue.

Although incontinence is not heroically moral, neither is it truly vicious. Consider the difference between an incontinent person, who knows what is right and aims for it but is sometimes overcome by pleasure, and an intemperate person, who purposefully seeks excessive pleasure. Aristotle argued that the vice of intemperance is incurable because it destroys the principle of the related virtue, while incontinence is curable because respect for virtue remains. A clumsy archer may get better with practice, while a skilled archer who chooses not to aim for the target will not.

6. Прочитайте тексты, которые прилагаются и подготовьте их устный перевод и пересказ. Вариант 4

1. Перепишите предложения, вставив пропущенные слова. Предложения переведите.

limited, matters, philosophy, mixture, criticize

1. Although he shared Socrates's interest in ethical and social philosophy, Plato was much more concerned to establish his views on ................ of metaphysics and epistemology.2. The skeptics supposed that the possibility of human knowledge is severely .................. in scope and application.3. Everything in the world, Empedocles supposed, is ultimately made up of some ................... of the four elements, considered as irreducible components.4. The version of Platonic ................ that came to be incorporated into the theology of the middle ages had rather little to do with the thought of Plato himself.5. Sextus Empiricus wrote a history of skeptical philosophy and used the Pyrrhonian approach to ................. the pretensions of other schools of thought.

2. Перепишите предложения, употребив глагол в скобках в правильной видовременной форме. Укажите время и залог, которое вы употребили. Предложения переведите.

1. Even after he ( to have convinced, to have been convinced) by the jury, Socrates declines to abandon his pursuit of the truth in all matters. 2. Plato believed that the interests of the state best ( to present, to be presented) if children are raised and educated by the society as a whole, rather than by their biological parents. 3. So, for the benefit of those of us who still ( to be learning, to be being learned) but would like to grasp what he is talking about, Plato offered a simpler story in which each of the same structural components appears in a way that we can all comprehend at our own level, this is the Allegory of the Cave. 4. The Macedonians under Philip and Alexander founded a Greek empire, which later (to conquer, to be conquered ) by the Romans. 5. A happy person (will exhibit, will be exhibied)t a personality appropriately balanced between reasons and desires, with moderation characterizing all