2. Перепишите предложения, употребив глагол в скобках в правильной видовременной форме. Укажите время и залог, которое вы употребили. Предложения переведите.

1. Because of his political associations with an earlier regime, the Athenian democracy ( to put, to be put) Socrates on trial. 2. Even if we are persuaded that Plato's aristocracy is the ideal way to structure a city-state, is there any possibility that it actually (will implement, will be implimented) in a human society? 3. Since an ideal society (will rule, will be ruled) by those of its citizens who are most aware of what really matters, it is vital to consider how that society can best raise and educate its philosophers. 4. The Athenian tradition of participatory government disappeared as individual citizens (to exclude, to be excluded) from significantly shaping the social structure of their lives. 5. In every discipline of human knowledge,then, we (to seek, to be seeked) to establish the things of some sort have features of a certain kind.

3. Перепишите предложения, подчеркнув в них модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Предложения переведите.

1. Use of the dialogue as a literary device made it easy for Plato not only to present his own position but also to consider significant objections that might be raised against it. 2. Simmias suggests that the relationship between the soul and the body may be like that between musical harmony and the strings of a lyre that produces it. 3. ven though the soul is significantly different from the body, it could not reasonably be expected to survive the utter destruction of that physical thing.4. Since the soul is living, it must participate in the Form of Life, and thus it cannot ever die. 5. This soul is the final cause of the existence of the organism; thus, all of the operations of the organism are to be explained in terms of the functions of its soul.

4. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на значение выделенных слов.

1. Since family, friends, and material goods are all perishable, Epictetus held, we ought never to become attached to them. 2. This end of human life could be called happiness , but neither the ordinary notions of pleasure, wealth, and honor nor the philosophical theory of forms provide an adequate account of this ultimate goal, since even individuals who acquire the material goods or achieve intellectual knowledge may not be happy. 3 Plato's dramatic picture of a man willing to face death rather than abandoning his commitment to philosophical inquiry offers up Socrates as a model for all future philosophers.4. As for things that appear to arise by pure chance, Aristotle argued that since the purposeful origination described by the four causes is the normal order of the world, these instances must either be things that should have had some cause but happen to lack it or things that actually do have causes of which we are simply unaware 5. As always, Aristotle defended the mean rather than run the risk of either extreme.