5. Переведите текст, озаглавив его. Передайте письменно содержание текста на английском языке, сократив его на 1/3.

As Socrates had proposed in the Meno, the most important varieties of human knowledge are really cases of recollection. Consider, for example, our knowledge of equality. We have no difficulty in deciding whether or not two people are perfectly equal in height. In fact, they are never exactly the same height, since we recognize that it would always be possible to discover some difference—however minute—with a more careful, precise measurement. By this standard, all of the examples we perceive in ordinary life only approach, but never fully attain, perfect equality. But notice that since we realize the truth of this important qualification on our experience, we must somehow know for sure what true equality is, even though we have never seen it.

Plato believed that the same point could be made with regard to many other abstract concepts: even though we perceive only their imperfect instances, we have genuine knowledge of truth, goodness, and beauty no less than of equality. Things of this sort are the Platonic Forms, abstract entities that exist independently of the sensible world. Ordinary objects are imperfect and changeable, but they faintly copy the perfect and immutable Forms. Thus, all of the information we acquire about sensible objects (like knowing what the high and low temperatures were yesterday) is temporary, insignificant, and unreliable, while genuine knowledge of the Forms themselves (like knowing that 93 - 67 = 26) perfectly certain forever.

Since we really do have knowledge of these supra-sensible realities, knowledge that we cannot possibly have obtained through any bodily experience, Plato argued, it follows that this knowledge must be a form of recollection and that our souls must have been acquainted with the Forms prior to our births. But in that case, the existence of our mortal bodies cannot be essential to the existence of our souls—before birth or after death—and we are therefore immortal.

6. Прочитайте тексты, которые прилагаются и подготовьте их устный перевод и пересказ. Вариант 2

1. Перепишите предложения, вставив пропущенные слова. Предложения переведите.

welfare, facilitate, will, characteristic, regularity

1. Good rulers, like good shepherds, must try to do what is best for those who have been entrusted to them, rather than seeking their own ............... . (Plato) 2. Incontinent agents suffer from a sort of .................. that prevents them from carrying out actions in conformity with what they have reasoned. 3. Hellenistic philosophers devoted less attention than had Plato and Aristotle to the speculative construction of an ideal state that would ................ the achievement of a happy life4. In each of these aspects of the world, Pythagoras saw order, a (regularity) of occurrences that could be described in terms of mathematical ratios. 5. According to Aristotle, things of any variety have a ..................... function that they are properly used to perform