III. Company’s activities.

Білет № 9

I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. She will be delighted when she (hear) this news.

2. When we (take) our exams we’ll have a party.

3. The teacher will be angry if you (be) late.

4. If he (not phone) this afternoon I’ll phone him this evening.

5. Unless I have a quiet room I (not be able) to do any work.

II. New technologies

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the combination of all these developments. Some CIM factories already exist where everything is controlled by computers. The labor force can often be cut by 90 per cent with output remaining the same. Machinery can also be cut back and quality control improved. CIM needs a very large capital investment and careful planning, but some firms have already proved it can be very profitable.

Computers and robots have made it possible to create completely new manufacturing systems. Computer-integrated manufacturing (ClM) can control the design, manufacturing and management of all production. CIM is the basis of all the new systems. Mainframe computers, linked to satellite computers at different work stations, give commands and instructions to both machines and shop-floor workers. They control the whole production process, including the design of components and the final product, the layout of the plant, the ordering of supplies, the actual production process, quality inspection and the final distribution of the finished product.

III. Setting up a new business.

Білет № 10

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (Perfect Active or Passive).

1. We didn’t need to queue because I (buy) already the tickets.

2. Jenny flew to Rome last year. She never (be) on a plane before that.

3. When this street (be widened) the residents (be kept) awake all night by the roar of the traffic.

4. I didn’t watch the film because I (see) it before.

5. I suppose this equipment (sell) last week.

II. Goods and services

Economics is concerned with the production and distribution of goods and services. Goods would be defined as anything that anyone wants or needs. Services would be the performance of any duties or work for another; helpful or professional activity. The distribution of goods and services is referred to as marketing. The marketing of goods and services can add almost as much to the cost as the actual manufacturing of the goods. Marketing a product refers to the advertising, and other efforts to promote a products sale.

There are many different kinds of goods. Consumer goods are those such as food and clothing that satisfy human wants or needs. Producer goods are those such as raw materials and tools, used to make consumer goods. Capital goods are those such as machinery, used in the production of commodities or producer goods.

There are untold numbers of services. A short list would include educational, health, communication, transportation, social services