Вариант 1

№1 Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя инфинитивную конструкцию сложное дополнение (Complex Object) вместо придаточных дополнительных предложений или переделывая два предложения в одно. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. I did not expect that my brother would forget to send her flowers.

2. People expect that 21^st century will bring peace on the Earth.

3. I heard him. He shut the door of his study.

4. The doctor touched the boy’s leg. The boy felt it.

5. We had not expected that she would reply, but she did.

6. He hated it when people argued about trifles.

7. They heard how the woman uttered a little exclamation.

№2 Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя инфинитивную конструкцию сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject). Переведите переделанные предложения на русский язык:

1. It was reported that Bauman Moscow State Technical University was founded in 1830.

2. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier.

3. It appeared that two Caucasian hosts had worn high fleece caps on most occasions.

4. They expected that Cossacks provided their own uniforms.

5. It is known that Moscow is one of the most important scientific centers in Russia.

6. It is known that many books are published in our country every year.

7. It is said that the Moscow Underground is the finest in the world.

№3 Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните герундий и укажите его форму:

1. Architect Vladimir Shukhov was responsible for building several of Moscow’s landmarks during early Soviet Russia.

2. Some Greeks had been Mediterranean pirates and were now tycoons; many lived by cheating Russian farmers and bringing Russian customs officials.

3. Duma was established in Taganrog for managing local development, trade, healthcare and public education.

4. The advisor was surprised at his student having written the course work so soon.

№4 Перепишите и расположите по порядку:

1. предложения с инфинитивной конструкцией сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)

2. предложения с инфинитивной конструкцией сложное дополнение (Complex Object)

3. предложения с независимой причастной конструкцией (Absolute Participial Construction)

Подчеркните конструкции и переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting.

2. The questions being settled, we went home.

3. She appeared to be a good housekeeper.

4. Little Paul sat, with his chin resting on his hand.

5. She is extremely likely to succeed.

6. He is believed to be writing a new play.

7. I dislike you to talk like that.

№5 Найдите ошибку в предложениях и исправьте ее (ошибка в использовании относительных местоимений). Перепишите исправленный вариант и переведите его на русский язык:

1. I don’t like stories who have unhappy endings.

2. Barbara works for a company where makes furniture.

3. The woman which lives next door is a teacher of history.

4. Did you hear which they said?

5. What’s the name of the man who car you borrowed?

6. He told me about his new job, whom he enjoys very much.

7. I don’t like people which are cruel with animals.

№6 Перепишите следующие предложения. Укажите в них зависимый и независимый причастный оборот и переведите их на русский язык:

1. With research involving more and more people, the profession of a scientist has become one of the most popular now days.

2. When crossing the street, be careful at the crossroads.

3. Social scientists and physical scientists, each group representing a diversity of specialized disciplines, were brought together to review some implications of the interaction between science and society.

4. Having filled his pockets with apples the boy was about to run away when he saw the owner of the garden with a stick in his hand.

5. Judging by the colour of the sun it should be windy tomorrow.

6. Rising from the bleak expanse of Salisbury Plain, stands out one of the most intriguing puzzles of history - Stonehenge - the circle of stones cleverly shaped and fitted together to form a carefully planned whole.

7. It had taken more than 1000 years in development and then was suddenly terminated, learning scores of puzzles for us.

№7 Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в них герундиальный комплекс и переведите на русский язык.

1. Your going there won't help much.

2. Hurried reading results in the learner forgetting half of what he reads.

3. Excuse my interrupting you.

4. There cannot be any objections to your seeing her personally.

5. She was startled by the outer door being opened.

№8 Прочитайте и письменно переведите 1, 2, 5, 6 абзацы текста:

Battle of Thermopylae

1) In the Battle of Thermopylae of 480 BC, an alliance of Greek city-states fought the invading Persian Empire at the pass of Thermopylae in central Greece. Vastly outnumbered, the Greeks held back the Persians for three days in one of history's most famous last stands. A small force led by King Leonidas of Sparta blocked the only road through which the massive army of Xerxes I of Persia could pass.

2) After three days of battle, a local resident named Ephialtes is believed to have betrayed the Greeks by revealing a mountain path that led behind the Greek lines. Dismissing the rest of the army, King Leonidas stayed behind with 300 Spartans and 700 Theban volunteers and slaves. The Persians succeeded in taking the pass but sustained heavy losses, extremely disproportionate to those of the Greeks. The fierce resistance of the Spartan-led army offered Athens the invaluable time to prepare for a decisive naval battle that would come to determine the outcome of the war.

3) The subsequent Greek victory at the Battle of Salamis left much of the Persian Empire's navy destroyed and Xerxes was forced to retreat back to Asia, leaving his army in Greece under Mardonius, who was to meet the Greeks in battle one last time. The Spartans assembled at full strength and led a pan-Greek army that defeated the Persians decisively at the Battle of Plataea, ending the Greco-Persian War and with it the expansion of the Persian Empire into Europe.

4) The performance of the defenders at the battle of Thermopylae is often used as an example of the advantages of training, equipment, and good use of terrain as force multipliers, and has become a symbol of courage against overwhelming odds. However, ancient writers first used the Battle of Thermopylae as an example of the superior power of a patriotic army of free men defending native soil.

5) There is also a large political significance of the Battle of Thermopylae, in that it was the first occasion in which the independent Greek city-states formed a significant alliance. The Battle of Thermopylae also possibly signified the beginning of the end for the Persian empire–drawing strength from the outcome of the battle, the Greeks as a national body began assaulting the Persian Empire.

6) King Darius I of Persia initially sent heralds to all Greek cities offering blandishments if they would submit to Persian authority. Many of the 700 Greek states submitted, including Argos. The Athenians declined to adhere to their initial agreement, undertaken in 507 BC. The Persian army first encountered a joint force of 10,000 Athenian and Spartan hoplites led by Euanetus and Themistocles in the Vale of Tempe. Upon hearing this, Xerxes sent the army through the Sarantaporo strait, which was unguarded, and sidestepped them. The hoplites, warned by Alexander I of Macedon, vacated the pass.

7. The allied Greeks judged that the next strategic choke point where the Persian force could be stopped was Thermopylae. They decided to defend it and send a fleet to Artemision, a naval choke point, as Xerxes' army was being supplied and supported by sea. Using the fleet, Xerxes' army might have crossed Maliacos bay and outflanked the Greek army again. In essence, the Oracle's warning was that either Sparta would be conquered and left in ruins or one of her two hereditary kings, descendant of Heracles, must sacrifice his life to defend her. Leonidas took charge of his personal fighting unit, the 300 Spartans (and the 900 servants of the 300 soldiers), and headed to Thermopylae.

№9 Прочитайте текст еще раз и ответьте на вопросы к нему:

1. What was the political significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?

2. What for did the king Darius I of Persia send heralds to all Greek cities?

3. What kind of prophecy did the Oracle make?

4. What is King Leonidas of Sparta famous for?

№10 Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений и составьте свои предложения с ними:

(1) добровольцы, (2) остальная часть армии, (3) ожесточенное сопротивление

(4) предавать, (5) распускать, (6) одержать решительную победу,

(7) потомственные короли, (8) нести огромные потери, (9) значимый союз

(10) последствия битвы

№11 Заполните таблицу существительными, глаголами и прилагательными, где возможно:

глагол	существительное	прилагательное
to agree
	possibility
to signify	significance	significant
		hereditary
	defense
to destroy
		free
	multiplier
to supply
		valuable

№12 Найдите в тексте антонимы к следующим словам:

(1) ancestor, (2) to flourish, (3) to fail, (4) weakness, (5) doubtful, (6) slave

(7) little, (8) foreign, (9) modern, (10) to gather