6 Fill in the correct preposition, then choose any five items and make sentences using them.

1) to depend ….. sb/sth; 2) ……. average; 3) to test sb …… sth; 4) to cater ….. sth/sb; 5) to rely ….. sth/sb; 6) to be confined …… a place; 7) to pay ……. sth; 8) to ask ……. sth

Talking Points

Which of the taxis sounds the most interesting? What is good/bad about a taxi driver's job?

Language Development

1 Look at the various means of transport and try to guess which was invented first. Which do you think is the most recent invention? Why?

steam train modern bicycle hot-air balloon aeroplane steamboat

Now read the following paragraph and see if your guesses were right.

Over the last two hundred years, means of transport have changed and developed a great deal. Oddly enough, the first successful development was in air travel when, in 1783, the French Montgolfier brothers launched the hot-air balloon. Twenty years later, in England, the steamboat and steam train made their first successful trips. Nearly 40 years later the first version of the modern bicycle was introduced, and in 1903 the first successful aeroplane flight was made by the Wright brothers of Ohio, USA.

Which of these means of transport are still in use? How have they changed?

2. A. Look at the following and say which are used in the air, on land, and in/on water.

b. Match the nouns with the verbs in the middle column.

submarine, hang-glider, aeroplane, car, ship, helicopter, hot-air balloon, motorcycle, coach, raft, canoe, ferry, bicycle, lorry, hovercraft, train, bus, taxi

steer drive ride fly paddle

3 Circle the odd word out. aeroplane: seatbelt, wing, deckchair, cockpit car: windscreen, boot, brake, anchor bicycle: pedal, saddle, exhaust pipe, chain train: buffet car, track, handlebars, luggage rack ship: deck, bonnet, bridge, cabin

4 Decide which of the following words are connected with: a) planes, b) ships, c) trains and d) buses. Some words can be used more than once.

locomotive, mast, runway, harbour, driver, flight attendant, carriage, life-jackets, dashboard, plat­form, co-pilot, engine room, radar, boarding pass, purser, number plate, wagon, horn, level crossing, compartment, rear vieiu mirror

5. Read these announcements and guess the missing words. Then, listen to the tape and fill in the gaps. Where would you hear each announcement? Finally, close your books and say as many words as you can remember related to each announcement.

A."Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. This is your purser speaking. On behalf of our 1) ……. and crew I would like to welcome you all 2) …….. the M.S. Jubilee. We wish you a pleasant and comfortable 3) ……….. . As passengers on the 4) ……… can see, we are now lifting the anchor and shall be leaving the 5) ……… immediately. Passengers are reminded, for security reasons, that at 17.30 we shall be holding a life saving drill. Your 6) ……….. can be found in the bottom of your wardrobes. The number of your muster station is on the back of your 7) ……… door."

B "On behalf of the 1) …………. Welcome aboard TWA flight 801 from New York to Los Angeles. As we prepare for 2) ……… we would like to remind you to place any hand luggage in the overhead 3) ………….. Make sure your seat is in the upright position and please fasten your 4) …………. Before our departure members of the crew will demonstrate the aircraft's safety 5) ………… and procedures. When our cruising altitude has been reached, the crew will serve refreshments and a light snack. We wish you a pleasant 6) ………..

C "1) …………. three for all passengers travelling to Rugby, Stafford and Crewe. Those with 2) ……..for Manchester and the North should change at Crewe 3) …………. . First class compartments are situated in the first two 4) ……….. . A buffet car is available for those wishing to buy refreshments during the journey."

6. Fill in the correct word from the list.

trip route

voyage tour

flight journey

travel

1 It's a good Idea to take breaks during a ………… especially if you're driving a long way.

2 My daughter is going on a school ……… next week.

3 The ……… from London to New York takes about eight hours.

4 I felt seasick during the ………. .

5 Do you prefer to …………… by car or train?

6 My parents have just come back from a …………. of Scotland.

7 I had to take a different …………….. to work this morning, due to roadworks.

7 Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the list:

ignition gear

brake seatbelt

accelerator pedal dashboard

clutch pedal rear view mirror

The first time I drove after passing my driving test, I was deter­mined to get everything right. I got into the car, turned the key in the 1) ……….. and put my foot on the 2) ………….. while changing into first 3) ………….. Slowly I pressed down on the 4) ………………… and pulled out into the road. Driving along, I remembered to look at the petrol gauge on the 5) ……….. to make sure I had enough petrol. Suddenly, a flashing light in the 6) ………….. caught my eye. There was a police car behind indicating that I should pull over, so I gently pressed on the 7) …………. and stopped. Winding down the window, I asked the policeman what was wrong - I had thought I was doing so well! His answer was very embarrassing- "You've forgotten to put on your 8) …………………. sir!"

8 Listen to the following dialogues and fill in the missing words. Then, with a partner, act out similar dialogues.

A: I'd like a ticket for the next train to York, please.

B: 1) …………. or return?

A: A return please.

B: What date will you be returning?

A: On the 18th of January. Could you tell me if that's a 2) ………. train?

B: I'm afraid you have to 3) ………….. at Doncaster.

A: Which 4) …………………. does it leave from?

B: Six.

A: And how much is the 5) ………………. ?

B: That'll be £35.50, please,

A: Here you are...

A: Good morning. Could I have your 1) ………… and ticket, please?

B: Here you are.

A: Do you prefer smoking or non-smoking?

B Non-smoking please. Could I have a window 2) ……….. ?

A: Let me check if there is one available. Ah yes, there is. Do you have any 3) …………. ?

B: Just this suitcase.

A: Fine. Here's your boarding 4) …………. You'll be departing from 5) …………….. 16. Have a nice flight

B: Thank you very much.

9. Look at the three pictures showing different means of transport and read the list of adjectives below. Then, make sentences using the following expressions at least once as in the examples:

more ... than, not as ... as, less ... than, as ... as, the most/least ...

e nvironmentally friendly, /ast, comfortable, safe, economical, stressfu, reliable, expensive, convement, etc.

e.g. The Irani is faster than the car or bus, and it is the most environmentally friendly means of transport.

The train is not as fast as the car.

Travelling by lrain is less expensive than travelling by car

The car is the least environmentally friendly of the train

10. The following diagram illustrates the popularity of the various types of transport that people use to commute. Look at the diagram and fill in the gaps with words from the list.

m inority

percent

large proportion of

majority

1 The ……………. of people prefer to commute by train.

2 A ……………….people take the bus to work.

3 Fifteen ………………… of people drive to work.

4 A ……….. of people cycle to work.

11.Listen to the short dialogues and tick (/) the information you hear in the boxes provided.

Look at the table above and give reasons why people use these types of transport to commute. Then write sentences as in the example. You can use your own ideas as well.

e.g. Although buses can be crowded and unreliable a large majority of people commute by bus because buses are cheap.

Transport in the Past

12. Underline the correct word

Before the motorcar became a practical way to travel, people depended mainly on horses to 1) get/ reach from one place to another. They not only used horses to ride on, but to pull various type of vehicles as well. The simplest of these was the cart, an uncov­ered vehicle with two or four wheels which was used for 2) taking/carrying goods. For short trips, a light, two-wheeled vehicle called a trap was often used, while for longer journeys a 3) shut/closed, four-wheeled vehicle called a carriage was 4) preferred/ liked. Private carriages could be very luxuri­ous, with fur rugs and even vases of flowers. For those without a private carriage, a coach could be used. This was a public 5) means/way of transport which followed regular 6) routes/directions through­out the country, stopping at inns to change horses and 7) allow/let people to rest and have something to eat. With the invention of the train in Britain in the 1820s, long journeys in horse-drawn vehicles became less and less common, and in the 8) early /first 1900s the motorcar began to replace horses altogether.

13. Fill in the blanks with words derived from the words in bold.

A new type of train may soon be in 1) …….. (operate) in Germany. So far tests have been 2) ………. (success) and it is hoped that in 10 years' time 3) ……………. (commute) will be able to travel from Hamburg to Berlin in less than an hour. The Transrapid tram is 4) ………… (actual) the world's lowest-flying aircraft. It has been designed to travel at up to 420 km per hour, and it has neither wheels nor a motor.

Instead of rails, a series of 5) ………… (magnet) units powers the train, allowing it to "fly" one centimetre above the tracks. Since it Is suspended in the air, It can turn sharp corners at very high speeds without creating any 6) ……….. (notice) disturbance inside the train. 7) ……….. (environment) have serious 8) ……… (object) to the train, however, as it is 9) …………… (significant) noisier than normal trains. Nevertheless, it seems that the new train will soon be a popular 10) ……………. (alternate) to travelling by aeroplane between cities in Germany.

Travelling

Travellers are always discoverers, especially those who travel by air. There are no signposts in the sky that a man has passed this way before.

Anne Morrow Lindbergh, American writer

1 AIR TRAVEL. Choose the correct answer.

1. The plane circled over the airport until the .......... was clear.

a) highway b) landing c) runway d) terminal

2. All flights in and out of the airport came to a ....... because of the strike.

a) closure b) conclusion c) standstill d) stoppage

3. If you carry too much luggage, the airline will charge an ........... baggage fee.

a) additional b) excess c) extra d) over

4. British Airways .......... the departure of Flight 222 to Warsaw.

a) advertise b) advise c) announce d) notice

5. When you get to the airport, your luggage will have to be ............ .

a) balanced b) estimated c) sealed d) weighed

6. Because of the fog, our flight was ............ from Heathrow to York Airport.

a) deflected b) diverted c) replaced d) reverted

7. The check .......... time at the airport was eight o'clock.

a) by b) in c) out d) up

8. The ........... from the airport was very tiring as we had to drive through the fog.

a) crossing b) flight c) ride d) voyage

9. It's very strange but I had a(n) ............. that the plane would crash.

a) intuition b) omen c) prediction d) premonition

10. It takes a while to ................ to your surroundings after a long flight.

a) adjust b) balance c) fit d) settle

11. Much stricter ........... must now be taken at all airports against hijacking.

a) alarms b) precautions c) protections d) warnings

12. The air hostess told the passengers to ...... their seat belts.

a) attach b) fasten c) fix d) tie

13. To fly big passenger airliners ......... long training and experience.

a) calls for b) orders c) picks up d) requisitions

14. The plane was ......... towards the runway when the fire started.

a) heading b) landing c) sailing d) soaring

15. The .............. from Warsaw to New York takes nine hours.

a) flying b) journey c) passage d) voyage

16. I'm afraid your luggage is ten kilos ........; you will have to pay extra.

a) above b) excess c) heavy d) overweight

17. A passenger is not allowed to ........... a lethal weapon when flying by a civilian airliner.

a) be having b) be owning c) carry d) control

18. Nobody ................. that aeroplane crash.

a) died b) lived c) recovered d) survived

19. Our .......... was delayed owing to bad weather conditions.

a) airline b) airway c) flight d) runway

20. When our flight was delayed, we all had a meal at the airline's ............. .

a) account b) cost c) expense d) finance

21. Please, .......... from smoking until the plane is airborne.

a) exclude b) refrain c) restrain d) resist

22. We .......... to announce a further delay in the departure of flight BE-555.

a) apologise b) mourn c) regret d) repent

23. Tickets booked on this flight are not .............

a) assignable b) moveable c) passable d) transferable

24. If you want a cheap air ticket you must ............ well in advance.

a) book b) buy c) engage d) reserve

25. He couldn't ........... his fear of flying.

a) overcome b) succeed c) triumph d) win

26 The stewardess the screaming child.

a) corrected b) cured c) recovered d) soothed

27. It was a great ......... to go up in a helicopter for the first time.

a) incident b) rise c) suspense d) thrill

28. Nothing could ............. me to fly except in a case of extreme emergency.

a) encourage b) induce c) influence d) recommend

4. PARTS OF THE AIRCRAFT. Match the indicated parts of. the aircraft with their names

5. AIR TRAVEL. Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place in the passage

below.

air vents cabin captain carry

co-pilot crew cruising speed distances

flight flight engineer galley jet-propelled

passenger passenger list safety belts seats size

tourist stewardesses take-off trip

Airliner

Airliners, or ……… planes, differ from light planes not only in …… but also in speed and equipment. They are designed to ......... a greater number of people over longer ……………. without stopping to refuel.

A passenger airliner has a comfortable …….. with soft carpets, adjustable upholstered …………, washrooms, and individual ……… and reading lights. It has a ………. for preparing food. Many airlines offer ………, or economy class service, which costs less than first-class travel.

The ………. of four-engine airliners range from about 350 mph for propeller-driven planes to more than 500 mph for ……….. planes.

The ……. of an airliner works as a team to make the trip smooth and pleasant. While the passengers take their seats, the pilot or …….., co-pilot, flight engineer, and stewardesses prepare the plane for …….. . The pilot, assisted by the ……….., checks the instruments and tests the controls. The ……… checks the other mechanical equipment. The stewardesses check the ………., make sure that the passengers fasten their ……… for ……. . Later, the ………. distribute magazines, serve meals, and do other things to make the …….. enjoyable.

A. Answer these questions individually. Then compare answers with a partner.

1. How often do you travel by air, rail, underground, road and sea?

2. What do you enjoy about travelling? What don't you enjoy?

3. Which is the best/worst airline you have flown? Why?

B. Which of these things irritate you the most when flying?

Rank them in order of most and least irritating.

Diversions Cancellations jet lag strikes overbooking

bad food dirty toilets bad weather not enough room no trolleys available

itting next to someone who talks non-stop long queues at check-in sitting next to children lost or delayed luggage

C. Which word in each pair below is American English?

Petrol - gasoline holiday - vacation return - round trip

line - queue truck - lorry cab - taxi

flight attendant - steward/stewardess timetable – schedule car park - parking lot

motorway – freeway tube - subway baggage - luggage

Read the letter. What kind of letter is it?