Ex.9. Translate the following word combinations into Russian:

a subject in school, a method for studying, the natural world, to use observation and investigation, to gain knowledge, events in nature, complex rules, to deal with living things, to investigate the Earth and space, the Earth rotates about, to deals with matter and energy, main subject of interest, to overlap the categories, motions of the human body, it is not always clear, more accurate answers, an invisible fluid, with no mass, to flow like a fluid, in all directions, to spill a fluid on the floor, an iron bar, at a temperature of, to perform additional investigations, to record the observations, to set up experiments, to test the effect, to resemble something in the natural world.

Ex.10. Translate the definitions into Russian. Find in the text terms (nouns and verbs) defined by these definitions:

1. to move or turn around a central fixed point;

2. a scientific or academic examination of the facts of a subject or a problem;

3. the information, understanding or skills that you gain through education or experience;

4. physical substance in general that everything in the world consists of; not mind or spirit;

5. a statement, fact or situation that tells you why smth. happens; a treason given for smth.;

6. made or produced to copy smth. natural; not real;

7. to look like or be similar to another person/thing;

8. the measurement in degrees of how hot or cold a thing/place is;

9. a liquid; a substance that can flow;

Ex.11. Answer the following questions:

1. Science is only a school subject, isn’it?

2. Is science a method for studying artificial or natural world?

3. What does the Latin word scientia mean?

4. Are the rules of Nature complex or simple?

5. What are three main categories of science according to which many different topics can be classified?

6. Did people always agree with the old ideas while learning about the nature?

7. What were scientists’ ideas of heat in the late 18^th century?

8. What are the main methods and ways of learning new information about the natural world?

9. What do investigators do when performing their investigations?

10. One can divide all investigations into four types, can’t one?

Ex.12. Ask general, alternative and disjunctive questions to the following sentences:

1. Science is not just a subject in school.

2. Nature follows a set of rules.

3. Scientific explanations help you understand the natural world.

4. The heat moves away from a warm body in all directions.

5. Additional investigations showed no difference in mass.

Ex.13. Translate the following sentences-statements into Russian. Agree or disagree with them:

1. Science is only the method for studying the natural world.

2. Science is a process that uses observation and investigation to gain knowledge about events in nature.

3. Sometimes scientists might study the motions of the human body to understand how to build better artificial limbs.

4. No scientific explanations can help people to understand the natural world.

5. In the late 19^th century most scientists thought that heat was an invisible fluid with no mass.

6. Eighteenth-century scientists were absolutely able to measure the small mass of the heat fluid.

7. Scientists learn new information about the natural world by performing various investigations.

8. Some investigations involve simply observing something and recording these observations.

9. Some investigations involve building a model that resembles something in the natural world and then testing the model to see how it acts.

10. Scientists will often use something from all 3 types of investigations when attempting to learn something about the natural world.