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Файл:A_Rapid_Course_in_English_for_Students_of_Econo...doc
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- •Berlin 1badan
- •Isbn 0 19 437606 0
- •Part1: unit1
- •Unit1 unit1
- •Unit1 unit1
- •Services
- •Unit 2 Unit 2
- •1 Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •3 Change these phrases in order to use the possessive apostrophe.
- •Text a
- •5 10 15 The American system is based on private enterprise.
- •1 Answer these questions, basing your answers on the text.
- •Unit 3 unit 3
- •Ideologies
- •I He told me how the Russian
- •Is used in business.
- •5 1C (if) He comes tomorrow.
- •I We buy these commodities today.
- •Is capitalistic, the Russian system is communistic. Communism however is based on the idea of property belonging to the State and all business being public rather than private.
- •2 Make these sentences passive and omit the agent phrase in the same way as in the example.
- •3 Arrange these sentences in order to make a logical paragraph about the American and Russian economies.
- •19Th century political economist
- •In the text there are two adjectives of nationality: American and Russian. Below is a list of countries (nations). Study the example and then do the same for the listed words.
- •Ireland
- •In geography and economic* we often refer to parts of the world
- •1 Rather than list countries by name, e.G. The Middle East. Below are
- •25 Countries. List them under these five headings: (a) Latin-Ameri- can; (b) North African; (c) Balkan; (d) South-East Asian- (e) others.
- •5 10 15 20 In all communities, of course, limits are set upon this personal freedom.
- •In some countries the limits are complex; in others they are relatively simple.
- •If citizens were completely free, some landowners might build factories in unsuitable places.
- •If there was no system of control, factory-owners might make their employees work too long each day.
- •If they were completely free, workers might stop working when they got their first pay, and come back to do more work only when they needed more money.
- •Unit 4
- •1 Answer these question, basing your answers on text.
- •If citizens were completely free?
- •2 ' Change the following sentences by inserting can.
- •3 Exercise 2 has provided you with eight sentences using can. Change can to could in this way:
- •In those days he could do the work easily, but not now.
- •Is less than the cost of producing
- •If citizens were completely free, some landowners might build factories
- •Unit 4
- •1 A b c d e Say whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •I ( ) Government policy does
- •If citizens were completely free, factory-owners
- •Improve the general
- •2 Make each pair of sentences into a new conditional sentence, changing may to might, and changing the tense:
- •Use the appropriate words in their negative forms in these sentences. The letters in brackets at the end refer to the list of adjectives above.
- •If an economy becomes unstable, people begin to feel ————— (c).
- •2 Mark the main stress in each of these pairs of word.
- •In states which have a communistic system, private property and private enterprise are greatly reduced.
- •In theory, Communism demands that all property should belong to the State.
- •In practice, the citizens of states like the ussr are permitted to have personal property.
- •It also controls the quality of the goods, and decides how they will be distributed.
- •It decides what prices will be charged for them.
- •It is responsible for the economy and is concerned with methods of
- •In the factory.
- •In the last few years.
- •In a free economy there is
- •5 3 Combine these pairs of sentences, using what and would.
- •8 H I j 20 1 5 10 15 2 His capital was finally reduced
- •Is not concerned with methods
- •Individual.
- •Important in a communist state
- •In which there would be no
- •In that garage the new car is kept.
- •In that science everything must
- •In that system central planning
- •Is very important.
- •In that economy government
- •In that system collective needs •
- •Individual needs.
- •In that way of life private
- •In these ideologies there are
- •3 5 Combine these groups of three sentences using would and should. The table shows the relationships between will: would and shall: should in sentences of this type.
- •Individual
- •International economic system
- •In the next ten years.
- •Unit 6
- •In wages because they produce
- •In the factory was rapid.
- •Its _____ is a sign of its
- •Important both to you and to the
- •It has been found necessary in many countries to control or regulate national economic conditions.
- •India makes a distinction between the public sector of the economy on the one hand and the private sector on the other hand.
- •In the public sector of British economic life are the nationalized industries like coal and steel, British Rail and boac1.
- •In the private sector are the majority of the nation's industries, both large and small.
- •Unit 6
- •Is the Indian economy based
- •Is the Indian system a mixed
- •Is boac a nationalized British
- •Industry ?
- •Is ici a nationalized British
- •Industry?
- •In the private sector are the majority of the nation's
- •Industries.
- •In the private sector are the majority of the nation's
- •Industries, which play a vital part in maintaining the life
- •Industries.
- •In which sector are the majority
- •Invert these sentences (cf. Lines 18 and 20 in the text).
- •In the private sector are the majority of the nation's
- •Industries.
- •Unit 6 units
- •1 5 10 15 20 25 3 Again (or for a second time). They made the industry national (or public).
- •In Britain are inevitably in the
- •Investigation.
- •In each of these sentences a word is missing. Provide a word from the text, from between lines 4 and 16.
- •Unit 7
- •In the last twenty years —————
- •Industry, because it is publicly
- •In a capitalistic system, what
- •2. Below is a list of pronouns occurring in the text. Say what each pronoun refers to.
- •3: Below are 45 words taken from earlier units. Make each word negative by adding a suitable prefix: non-, un- or in- (or il-, im -, ir - as required).
- •Important
- •5 10 15 20 Unit?
- •Part 2: unit 8 '.
- •Text a
- •In which utility decreases ?
- •Increases
- •In a different part of the world its utility may be very low.
- •In peacetime bombs are not in
- •Very great demand.
- •In wartime their utility is very
- •Vegetarians value only the
- •4 Change these sentences in order to use should with not. This changes the statements into recommendations. '
- •In helping us to improve the
- •3 Text b Contrast these pairs of sentences, using while.
- •Units units
- •5 10 15 20 Supplement
- •Industries
- •Intermediate
- •It primary relates to 'one', and
- •Industry are there?
- •Unit 9
- •In prices have on some
- •It is sometimes necessary to
- •Very efficient.
- •In measuring changes in the price of essential commodities. This _____ extends over a period of years.
- •3 Combine these pairs of sentences, using that and changing will to would.
- •Unit 9 units
- •Improvement in the general
- •Industry.
- •1 Answer these questions, basing your answers on the text.
- •Indicate that a demand exists.
- •In itself.
- •Increasing.
- •The relationship can be defined.
- •2 A b c d e f Practise saying these phrases. The main stress is italicized for you.
- •In most economic systems, the prices of the majority of goods and services are fixed. The individual cannot change the prices of the
- •Unit 10 unit 10
- •Unit 10
- •Unit 10
- •X although y
- •It was planned five years
- •It has not yet received
- •Insert a suitable preposition in each of the blanks in these sentences.
- •Is based _____ capitalistic
- •I f durables than on clothing? How much more was spent on food than on housing?
- •It should be noted that any person engaged in private business is not paid a fixed sum for his activities. He is self-employed and his
- •Unit 11
- •Influences our individual
- •Very seriously.
- •Unit 11
- •1 A b c d e fg 2 a b c d e 3 Text b
- •Into the system?
- •Who have provided the capital.
- •66 The matter.
- •Unit 11 Unit 11
- •Industrial experts.
- •Increasing their productivity.
- •Unit 12
- •Unit 12
- •Influence ?
- •Indicate?
- •Is created whenever buyers and sellers meet in person but not when they work through their agents.
- •Unit 12
- •In price levels over the last five
- •I t is often difficult to classify the _____ types of economic system in the world, because they tend to possess elements of capitalism and communism in
- •Important basic commodities.
- •I unit 12
- •In some countries production
- •Is centrally planned. A
- •In some countries production is
- •In some countries there are both
- •1966 Than 1965?
- •1964 On housing and in 1965
- •5 Find single words in the text for which these words could be substituted :
- •Unit 13
- •Unit 13
- •Unit 13
- •Investors have provided
- •Industrial
- •Indonesia
- •5 2 Each of the adjectives listed below is derived from a noun.
- •Unit 14
- •Unit 14
- •3 Exercises Change these conditional sentences. The form changes but the meaning remains the same.
- •In what way do banks
- •In what two ways do banks
- •Imagine: imaginative
- •Inform: informative : or;
- •Investigate: investigative
- •Invent: inventive
- •In 1958 the Bank invested 25% of its available assets in manufacturing projects. How much actual money was this ?
- •In 1968 the Bank invested 30% of the then available capital.
- •In Figure III we are provided with fuller information about the allocation of loans by the Bank in the following year.
- •Vowels and Diphthongs
- •1969 For projects related to
- •It is immediately followed by a word beginning with a
- •Commune
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