- •Professions and career
- •Choosing a career
- •My future career (business economics)
- •Vocabulary:
- •The profession of an economist
- •Professions
- •By country
- •United Kingdom
- •Three types of economists
- •Vocabulary
- •Engineering economics
- •The future of economics
- •Uncertainty and Game Theory
- •Market failure
- •Public Sector
- •Macroeconomics
- •Business cycle
- •International economics
- •Practice
- •Empirical investigation
- •Related subjects
- •At the company
- •Management
- •Vocabulary
- •Key Traits of Successful Leaders
- •A Few Tips of Marketing in General
- •Competition
- •Key Traits of Successful Leaders
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •6.2 Entrepreneurship
- •6.3 Company
- •Holding company
- •6.5 Bankruptcy
- •6.6 Capable Management
- •2. A few explanations to the text
- •3. Key vocabulary and expressions
- •4. Speaking practice. Read and speak on the problem raised by the practitioners.
- •5. Translate the proverbs. Find exact Russian equivalents for them.
- •6. Discuss with your partner the situations raised in the proverbs
- •6.7 People Are the Heart of Every Business
- •On Management in Russia
- •6.9 Marketing and Advertising
- •6.10 Qualities of a good manager
- •III. Effective business communication
- •Business Ethics (a)
- •2. Business Ethics (b)
- •Read and learn new words
- •How to Effectively Manage the People (Business Etiquette)
- •How Not to Behave Badly Abroad
- •Holding Meetings
- •Разговор по телефону
- •IV. Business Papers and Documents
- •1. The Contract
- •2. Contract and its Performance
- •3. Contract Law
- •4. The Assumption of Contractual Obligations
- •The Performance of Contractual Obligations
- •Sanctions for Non-Fulfillment of Contractual Obligations
- •A Business Letter
- •Job Application
- •Job opportunity: Executive Secretary to the Managing Director
- •Управляющему директору требуется исполнительный секретарь
- •Образец № 2
- •Образец № 3
- •Принятие предложения о работе Accepting an Position
- •Образец № 1 Model № 1
- •Отказ работодателя на заявление о работе
- •Образец № 1 Model № 1
- •Образец № 2
- •Resume & Curriculum Vitae (cv)
- •Образец № 1 Model № 1 resume
- •Curriculum Vitae
- •Рекомендательное письмо и характеристика
- •Образец № 2
- •Образец № 2
- •Образец № 3
- •Характеристика
- •Образец № 1
- •5. Уход с работы
- •6. Увольнение работника и сокращение штатов
- •Образец № 1
- •Образец № 2
- •Меморандум, или памятная записка
- •Образец № 1 Model № 1 memo
- •Образец № 2
- •Образец № 3 Model № 3 memo
- •8. Запрос информации
- •Information Inquiry
- •Образец № 1 Model № 1
- •Образец № 2 Model № 2
- •Ответ на запрос информации
- •Образец № 1
- •V. Business trips
- •Traveling. Means of traveling
- •Add to your Active Vocabulary
- •1. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •Stuck in an Airport?
- •At a hotel
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Add to your active vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Заказ места в гостинице
- •В гостинице
- •В ресторане
- •Поездка в автобусе
- •Покупка билета
- •На вокзале
- •Always Be Certain to Know Who's Gaining on You Know Who Are You Up Against
- •Internal operational factors
Sanctions for Non-Fulfillment of Contractual Obligations
Another branch of contract law deals with the sanctions that are made available to a contracting party when the other party fails to perform his contractual obligations. These sanctions usually take the form of money damages. In case of delay in the fulfilment of contractual obligations or erasure in the fulfilment of contractual obligations a damaged party can bring an action of damages against the responsible party. The court imposes damages as compensation in money for detriment sustained by a plaintiff. The purpose of damages is to place the person in the same position before the action occurred. Damages may be classified as nominal, where no actual damage has been suffered, or substantial which represents compensation for actual loss suffered. Damages can also be punitive. Punitive damages are damages imposed by the court as a punishment of the defendant rather than compensating the plaintiff. Money damages are generally awarded under contract law. When one party to a contract fails to perform his obligation, the other can seek damages by two ways: (1) restitution, which restores to him whatever goods, services, or money he has given the breaching party, (2) expectancy, which rewards him as if the contract had been fully performed; expectancy includes profits anticipated on the contract. Contract law seeks a sanction against contracting parties for non-fulfilment of contractual obligations.
Make available - предоставлять; fail to perform - не удаваться совершить; money damages -денежная компенсация ущерба; erasure - уклонение; damages - компенсация за убытки; sustain detriment / suffer damage - понести ущерб; occur -происходить; punitive - карательный; award -присуждать; seek damages - требовать возмещения убытков; restitution - возвращение утраченного; breach - нарушать; expectancy - ожидание; reward - вознаграждать; anticipate - предвидеть; seek a sanction -требовать применения санкции.
► Ex.3. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
1) Contract law deals with damaged parties and responsible parties. 2) When one party to a contract fails to perform his obligation, the other is not to seek damages. 3) In case of delay in the fulfilment of contractual obligations a responsible party can bring an action of damages against the damaged party. 4) In case of erasure in the fulfilment of contractual obligations a responsible party can bring an action of damages against the damaged party. 5) Expectancy restores to the damaged party money he has given the breaching party. 6) Restitution rewards the damaged party as if the contract had been fully performed.
► Ex.4.Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.
Потерпевшая сторона; предъявить иск за убытки; виновная сторона; компенсация за убытки; понести ущерб; истец; происходить; номинальные убытки; фактические убытки; карательный; ответчик; присуждать; договорное право; требовать возмещения убытков; реституция; нарушать; ожидание; вознаграждать; предвидеть; требовать применения санкции; санкции за невыполнение контрактных обязательств; договаривающиеся стороны; денежная компенсация ущерба; задержка в выполнении контрактных обязательств; уклонение от выполнения контрактных обязательств.
► Ex.5. Complete the following statements. Choose one topic to speak about a) damages; b) restitution; c) expectancy. Retell the text Sanctions for non-fulfilment of contractual obligations.
I) Contract law deals with ... when ... 2) Sanctions usually take ... 3) In case of ... a damaged party can ... 4) The court imposes ... 5) The purpose of damages is ... 6) Damages may be ...7) Punitive damages are ... 8) Money damages are awarded under ... 9) When one party to a contract fails ... the other can ... 10) Restitution restores ... 11) Expectancy rewards ... 12) Expectancy includes ... 13) Contract law seeks ...
CLASSES 17, 18
TASK: A Business Letter Structure. Applying for a Job (составление делового письма: структура, оформление просьбы об устройстве на работу, принятие заявления, отказ в заявлении о принятии на работу)