2. Find the English equivalents for the following words and phrases in the text:

передовая технология, новая эра в развитии компьютеров, сканировать продукты, простые задачи, постоянный доступ к информации, все стороны нашей жизни, зависеть от техники, новый продукт технологии

3. Use a phrasal vеrb from the list in the correct form to complete the text.

break down come up with cut off get through look into put up

I didn’t think my brand new laptop could 1)_____already, but it seemed like it had.

The first time I tried to connect to the internet I got 2)_____. The second time I tried, I couldn’t 3)____at all. The modem wasn’t working. I called the technical support number and explained my situation. They told me they would 4) ____the problem.They 5) _____an idea. I checked to see if the phone line was properly plugged into the laptop, and once 6) _____the line _____, I had no problem at all.

WRITING PRACTICE

Read the two faxes below and write your own concerning the arrangement of a business meeting.

To James Baker Fax no + 33 7648 912

From Maxim Pavlov Fax no.+ 44 1858 673

Date March 200_

Subject Your letter,3 Febriary 200_

Dear Mr Baker

Thank you for your letter of 3 February asking about possibility of opening a branch of the Apple Company for the manufacturing your products in Saint Petersburg. Let me answer your questions:

1. Employees: Yes, Saint -Petersburg has a large workforce of well-trained and hard working possible employees available.

2. Infrastructure: Roads and rail links to the main cities in Russia, the airport and port are very modern.

3. Local taxes: In certain situation it is possible to arrange favourible tax conditions for start –up organisation.

If you would like to discuss the possibilities further, please call my office to arrange a meeting for when you visit Saint Petersburg. I look forward to hearing from you.

Regards

Maxim Pavlov

Chief Development Officer

A fax arrives at Ergo Construction from the Commercial Investment Bank. Read it. Why is the fax so urgent?

URGENT FAX MESSAGE! PLEASE READ IMMEDIATELY!

I am trying to contact Tony Lopez, the head of your legal department, but your switchboard is closed and I do not have his direct number. This is urgent as I am supposed to be meeting him for dinner at seven о 'clock to discuss some important business, but I do not know the name or address of the restaurant. If he is still in the building, could you ask him to contact me as soon as possible. If he has left, I would be very grateful if you could call and give me his home or mobile number. I am on 0203 437 294.

With thanks Fiona Walker Loans Manager

SPEAKING

THREE CLASSIC MISTAKES

Read about the first classic mistake and then discuss with a partner what you think the other two are.

There are three classic mistakes to avoid if you work on computers and I've made them all! The first was to load on all the free software I could get my hands on. I loaded on everything I got free with every computer magazine. I downloaded lots of free software from the Internet. My hard drive was full of stuff I never used. This slowed my machine down to the point where I wanted to throw it out of the window! The solution is simple. Don't keep any programs which you don't use. Bin them!

The second classic mistake was not to back up my work on a regular basis. I remember one day I lost a whole morning's work with one press of a button! The first and most obvious thing you can do is save your work every couple of minutes. The second is to copy all your document files on a daily basis onto an external drive, which you then keep in a safe place. If you do not have an external drive, you can copy files onto an on-line hard drive. If your house or office burns down, all you do is re-access your files via the Internet.

Thirdly, I used to open all e-mail attachments without thinking - until one day I got a virus which wiped my hard drive clean. A really bad virus can destroy years of work. If you don't want a virus, don't open any attachment without first checking who has sent it to you. It's easy to give this sort of advice - especially if - like me - you've made all these mistakes yourself!

So, just to summarise - the three classic mistakes are firstly to load lots of programs you're not going to use on to your hard drive; secondly not to back up your work on a regular basis; and thirdly to open e-mail attachments without first checking who they're from!

Answer the questions: 1. Which computer mistake is the most common? 2. Have you ever experienced that? 3. Have you ever had any other embarrassing experiences with a computer or any other piece of machinery? When? What happened?

GRAMMAR REVIEW: PAST TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. Past Simple and Past Continuous

Exercise 1. Choose the best second half to the following sentences:

0. In September Graham Segalowitz lost his job

1. Sally, his wife, was worried about him,

2. He was watching lots of videos

3. Sally was getting up early to go to work

4. He was reading lots of books because

5. He decided to do some evening classes

6. AndrewMarkham came into Graham's office

7. Andrew advised him to do a course in car maintenance

A. ... but Graham was thinking of taking a course in Italian. В. ... while he stayed in bed till 11. С. ... but he was enjoying himself. D. ... and relaxing. E ... because he still had to go to work every day. F. ... while he was studying the brochure. G. ... he wanted to try lots of new things. H. ... so he got the college brochure. Exercise 2. Make the sentences using Past Simple and Past Continuous

e.g. (line go dead/call office) I was calling my office when the line went dead. a. (telephone ring/watch TV) b. (water go off/have shower) с. (use computer/go wrong?) d. (work for LTK/first meet him) e. (accident happen/drive to work) f. (gel ready to go out/hear the news) g. (do/this time yesterday?)

Past Simple and Past Perfect Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple or Past Perfect

e.g. I left the building when the fire started. I had already left the building when the fire started. a. I (ask) Maria Sanchez to join us for dinner yesterday. b. Unfortunately, she (arrange) to be somewhere else. c. She (call) me last night. d. She said she (try) to change her arrangements... e. ... but it (not be) possible. f. She (not know) you were coming. g. She (want) to meet you very much. h. I tried to call you, but you (leave) the office.

Past Perfect Continuous Exercise 4. Read the following sentences and decide what happened first. Write 1 in the brackets after the thing that happened first and 2 after the thing that happened second, or S if the two things are at the same time.

0. Yesterday I got to work late ( 2) because I'd missed the train ( 1).

1. Miss French had made me some coffee ( ) but it was cold ( ).

2. At lunchtime I had to go to the bank ( ) but I'd left my wallet in my jacket pocket ( ).

3. When I got back to the office, ( ) Mr Dearlove had been waiting for me for about an hour () .

4. After we'd been talking for a few minutes, ( ) the phone rang and it was my wife ().

5. She asked me ( ) if I had managed to get some cash at lunch time ( ).

6. I said ( ) that I had not been able to get any( ). 7. I said ( ) that I had met Louise outside the bank ( ). 8. I realised ( ) that Mr Dearlove had been waiting patiently all the time I was talking to my wife ( ). 9. I had been telling her the story ( ) while he sat there listening ( ).

Exercise 5. Complete the anecdote by choosing the best tense in each case: past continuous, past simple or past perfect. A large corporation had just hired a new CEO. As the old CEO was leaving, he discreetly presented his successor with three envelopes numbered one, two and three.'If you have a problem you can't solve, open the first of these,' he (1) (tell) the new CEO. Well, at first things went smoothly, but after six months sales (2) (fall) by 10% and the shareholders were getting very impatient. The CEO (3) (begin) to despair, when he remembered the envelopes the old CEO (4) (give) him. He went to his office, closed the door and opened the first envelope. The message read, 'Try blaming your predecessor.' The new CEO (5) (call) a press conference and tactfully blamed the previous CEO for the company's problems.The shareholders and the press were satisfied with his explanations, and a few weeks later the CEO was relieved to see that sales (6) (improve) by 12%. About a year later, the company was having serious production problems. The CEO (7) (learn) from his previous experience: as soon as he (8) (close) his office door, he opened the second envelope. The message read, 'You ought to reorganize.' He immediately reorganized production, and the company quickly recovered. A year or two after that, costs (9) (rise) day by day and the company was in trouble again. The CEO went to his office, (10) (close) the door and opened the third envelope. The message read, 'You might want to prepare three envelopes.'

USING MOBILE PHONES

1. Read the article about young people and mobile phones. Five sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-F the one which fits each gap (I-5).There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

A. Progress also brings advantages for all mobile users.

В. Probably it is best not to give young people mobile phones.

С. The average phone can take photos, send and receive text messages and store lots of music.

D. There are some bad people out there just waiting to 'trap' an innocent victim. E. Nowadays, the situation is quite the opposite. F. Sending text messages is much more popular.

Twenty years ago almost nobody had a mobile phone. If they did, it was so big and heavy that it wasn't really 'mobile' at all! However, in the early 1990s more and more people were starting to get them. Back then, though, mobiles were for adults - nobody thought about giving them to children and teenagers.

(1)____If you don't have a mobile phone, people think you're strange. What's more, children and teenagers, not adults, are the ones that normally have the best phones.

Today's technology means that anyone who has a mobile will almost certainly have more than a simple phone. (2)____ Besides those features, a lot of people use their mobiles to surf the net and even to watch TV. The problem is that there may be some disadvantages to the modern day mania of using mobiles.

Firstly, there is the question of health. Mobile phones give out and receive radio waves, which may have harmful effects. Some scientists believe that young people under the age of sixteen are more likely than adults to be at risk from health problems caused by frequent mobile use because their brains are still growing.

Secondly, while having internet access at any time is a great advantage, it is possible that unsuspecting users could be in danger (3) ___ .

It's not possible for parents to watch over their children's internet use if a child uses a mobile for that purpose.

This doesn't mean that there is only a bad side to mobile phones. (4)____ Being able to contact someone anytime anywhere is definitely a plus. Also, children can find out information while they are on the move and they can communicate with anybody at any time. In fact, many people would be lost without their phone as they store photos, videos, music, phone numbers and other important information on them. While buying a phone and choosing a communications package which is right for you can take time and be expensive, it is possible to use mobiles economically. You will rarely see a mobile user having a long conversation on a phone. (5)____ Adults may be a bit slower than young people at learning ho to text, but once they learn, they too often find texting more convenient than talking.

The fact is, most people have a mobile and they wouldn't want to give it up. We just have to try and avoid any problems they may cause because most of us find them so useful.

COMPUTER ENGLISH

Read the texts and think of Russian equivalents to the words in bold italics. Computer manual: System failure If your computer hangs, freezes or you experience system failure:

• Restart the computer and run a disk repair utility to examine the disk and files for structural damage.

• Reinstall system software.

• If the problem continues, you may have a software bug. Try removing and reinstalling applications one at a time.

• Back up all essential files, reformat the disk and reinstall the software.

Sabotage Q. What's the difference between a Trojan horse, a worm and a virus? A. Trojan horses are programs that seem to do something useful or entertaining but can cause damage. Worms are self-replicating programs that live in active memory and are usually not noticed until system resources slow down or stop. Viruses infect program files. If an infected file is passed to another machine the virus goes with it. Attachments and word processor documents containing macros can also carry viruses.

Hacking

Q. What's the difference between hackers, crackers and phreakers? A. Hackers love to explore computers and computer systems for their own sake. Some but not all are nerds. Most hackers are not criminals. Crackers try to break security on computer systems - getting through firewalls and password systems, and are looked down on by many hackers as being dishonest and technically inferior. Phreakers are basically interested in cracking telephone systems, once as a challenge, often nowadays for financial gain.

How safe is your computer? Unless you are an expert, you may not know. But don't worry, we do -it's our business. Let us tell you about:

• Data encryption and decryption software that prevents anyone reading your files without your permission

• Secure server facilities for online transactions

• The truth about the cookies that web sites leave in your computer

• How to get your own digital signature

Phone today on 043-8109 for free advice. And you'll never have to worry again.

Review 8 A. Use these words to complete the sentences. attachments hang site virus firewall pirated watermark 1. E-mail______can contain macro viruses.

2. If you use multiple copies of a piece of software you need a______licence.

3. The police raided the office looking for_____software.

4. Antiobotix is a _____protection program.

5. Many files have an invisible_____which can track their distribution.

6. Many servers protect their users with a______that cannot be entered without an authenticated password.

7. A software bug can cause your computer to ______.

GRAMMAR REVIEW: REVISE TENSES.

Exercise 1: Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct tense.

THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (be) an educational pioneer since its founding. It virtually (create) the modern profession of chemical engineering and (be) the first technological institution to recognize and provide for economics as an important element in the education of the engineer. The Institute (be) the first to establish courses in aeronautical engineering, architectural engineering, chemical engineering, food technology, industrial biology, marine engineering, and naval architecture. The Institute (take) at present the leadership in upgrading and modernizing the education of engineers. Its Electrical Engineering Department (lead) the way by a drastic overhaul of its curriculum which (embody) a more fundamental approach to electrical engineering. This spirit (find) now rapid acceptance through the School of Engineering. At present the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (have) the most comprehensive and varied research programme in the physical sciences and technology to be found in any one place in the world. It (have) at present under way 900 separate research projects. There (be) scarcely any aspect of American science and technology that (not, touch) – and advanced – by its creative activity.

UNIT 7. FUTURE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

FUTURE OF COMPUTERS

1. Pre-reading activity. Match the words and phrases with their translation:

reduce распознавание речи complicated affairs использоваться

consist of вмешательство человека

serving the needs занимать

to be in use сложные приборы

encompass увеличивать

speech recognition удовлетворять потребности

spaceflight application уменьшать

human intervention состоять из

increase применение в космосе