Types of morphemes

point of view

types/ groups

subgroups

definition

illustrations

semantic

root(s)

man, street, act, black, green, see

affixational (affixes)

unhappy, hopeless, reading

structural

free

friend, friendless, friendly, actor, waitress

bound

prefix

derivational

disappear, encourage, mistaken

infix

stand

suffix

inflectional

bigger, biggest

derivational

worker, princess

semi-bound

half-done, sportsman, herself

bound root (a completive/ combining form)

tele- "far" -scope "seeing" (tele/scope),

-graph- "write" (tele/graph),

aero- "air" (aerospace);

-mania, -phile. -philia, -phobia, biblio-, multi-, neo-

splinter

miniature > mini, maximum > maxi, agriculture > agri-, biology > bio-, ecology > eco- (econote "a short article on ecology", ecomenu "a selection of simple, healthful foods that make minimal demands on the environment"), hamburger > -burger (cheeseburger, fishburger, beefburger), European > Euro (Eurocard, Euromarket); sandwich > wich (duckwich, turkeywich)

functional

lexical

free

roots

man, street, act, black, see;

bound

affixes, completives; blocked (unique) root morphemes

dis- ; -ish

tele-

Friday, cranberry

grammatical

free

function words

the, with, and

bound

inflexions

ending -s

lexico-grammatical

give up, look for, be out

allomorph:

root:

stem:

bound base:

affix:

semi-affix:

superfix:

native and borrowed affixes:

native prefixes - borrowed prefixes -

native suffixes - borrowed suffixes -

productive, semi-productive and non-productive affixes:

lexico-semantic groups of affixes:

simple (root) words:

derived words:

compounds:

shortenings: