
- •Загальні методичні вказівки
- •Module 5 geoecology
- •Pollution
- •Forms of Environmental Disease
- •Impact of pollution
- •Types of Pollution
- •Unit 2 air pollution
- •Unit 3 soil pollution
- •Module 7 technoecology
- •Unit 2 oil pollution
- •Environmental pollution
- •Kinds of pollution
- •Effects of oil pollution
- •Environmental concern
- •Module 8 aircraft pollution
- •Aircraft pollution
- •Causes of pollution
- •Unit 2 ukraine: pollution problems
- •Ukraine: pollution problems
- •Module 10 controlling pollution
- •Controlling Pollution
- •Suplementory reading Hazardous wastes
- •The effects of polluted air
- •Affect on blood and thus on organs of the body
- •Effects of pollution on the central nervous system
- •Immune system effects
- •Disorders in the respiratory system
- •Workplace Exposure to Vehicle Exhaust and Chronic Illness
- •Benzene Part 1
- •Radiation
- •Noise Pollution
- •Aircraft Pollution
- •Noise Psychological Effects
- •Walkman-radio
- •Англійська мова ecological situation today
МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
Національний авіаційний університет
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
ECOLOGICAL SITUATION TODAY
Навчально-методичний посібник для студентів II та ІІІ курсу Інституту міського господарства спеціальності 7.070801“Екологія та охорона навколишнього середовища”
Київ 2006
УДК 811.111: 504(075.8)
ББК Ш 143.21-92
А 647
Укладачі: Л.Й. Іщенко, Т.В. Тарнавська, О.О. Коваленко, Н.В. Глушаниця
Рецензент О.Г. Шостак
Затверджено на засіданні науково-методично-редакційної ради Гуманітарного інституту НАУ 26 червня 2006 року.
А 647 |
Англійська мова: Навчально-методичний посібник / Уклад.: Л.Й. Іщенко, Т.В. Тарнавська, О.О. Коваленко, Н.В. Глушаниця. – К.: НАУ, 2006. – 108 с. |
Haвчально-методичний посібник містить основні тексти з тем “Aircraft Pollution”, “Air Pollution”, “Water Pollution”, “Oil Pollution”, “Causes of Pollution”, “Controlling Pollution”, лексичні та граматичні вправи, тексти для додаткового читання та перевірочні тести.
Призначений для студентів II та ІІІ курсу Інституту транспортних технологій спеціальності 7.070801 “Екологія та охорона навколишнього середовища”.
УДК 811.111: 504(075.8)
ББК Ш 143.21-92
Укладання. Л.Й. Іщенко, Т.В. Тарнавська, О.О. Коваленко, Н.В. Глушаниця, 2006
Загальні методичні вказівки
Навчально-методичний посібник «Ecological Situation Today» призначений для студентів ІІ та ІІІ курсу Інституту міського господарства. До методичної розробки включені адаптовані тексти, що мають пізнавальний характер в професійно-орієнтовному плані.
Основна мета посібника – навчити студентів використовувати тематичну лексику у поєднанні з засвоєними знаннями англійської граматики, вибирати та використовувати інформацію, необхідну для майбутньої професійної діяльності; розвивати стійкі навички читання, перекладу, анотування та реферування оригінальної літератури. Рекомендується перед читанням та перекладом тексту ознайомити студентів з новою лексикою. Подальше виконання вправ сприяє її засвоєнню.
Посібник поділяється на модулі. Тематичний матеріал кожного модуля закріплюється системою вправ, які поділяються на чотири групи відповідно до рівня складності:
A group – робота з лексичними одиницями,
B group – робота зі словосполученнями,
С group – робота з реченнями,
D group – робота з текстом.
Кожний модуль має тест для перевірки засвоєння матеріалу і містить достатню кількість текстів для самостійного читання. У кінці посібника подано заключний перевірочний тест.
Граматичний матеріал охоплює такі тeми: Noun, Preposition; Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple, Present Perfect, Past Perfect and Passive Voice.
Навчально-методичний посібник сприяє розвитку у студентів правильної усної мови та усного і письмового перекладу текстів за фахом, вмінню користуватися спеціальною термінологією з технічної літератури.
Module 5 geoecology
UNIT 1
GENERAL PROBLEMS OF POLLUTION
Pre-reading
Look through the words and try to remember their meanings.
Pollution – damage caused to water, air, etc by harmful substances or waste;
contaminate – to make sth. dirty or poisonous;
interfere – to try to control or become involved in a situation, in a way that is annoying;
biodegradable – biodegradable substances decay naturally without damaging the environment;
sewage – waste water and waste from toilets;
decompose – if a dead person, animal or plant decomposes, it decays and is gradually destroyed;
graze – when animals graze, they eat grass;
carnivore – an animal that eats meat.
Read the text.
Pollution
Pollution means contamination of the earth’s environment with materials that interfere with human health, the quality of life, or the natural functioning of ecosystems (living organisms and their physical surroundings). Although some environmental pollution is a result of natural causes like volcanic eruptions, most is caused by human activities.
There are two main categories of polluting materials, or pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Nondegradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment.
Nondegradable compounds like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and radioactive materials can reach dangerous levels of accumulation as they are passed up the food chain into the bodies of progressively larger animals. For example, molecules of toxic compounds may collect on the surface of aquatic plants without doing much damage to the plants. A small fish that grazes on these plants accumulates a high concentration of the toxin. Larger fish or other carnivores that eat the small fish will accumulate even greater, and possibly life-threatening, concentrations of the compound. This process is known as bioaccumulation.
А-GROUP EXERCISES
PARTS OF SPEECH
Nouns
1. Suffixes are used to form different parts of speech. Form derivative nouns with the help of the suffixes. Translate the nouns. To accumulate - accumulation - накопичення
to interfere
to compose
to occur
to collect
to mean
to develop
to attract
Adjectives
2. Form adjectives from the nouns. Underline the suffixes. Translate the adjectives.
-
a)
Pollution
Polluted - забруднений
b)
Attraction
c)
Environment
d)
Danger
e)
Molecule
f)
Concentration
g)
Radiation
h)
Harm
i)
Production
j)
Damage
k)
Improvement
3. How much of the chart below can you complete? Suffixes are used, but not always!
-
Verb
Noun
Adjective
to know
to assist
to divide
to choose
to compose
to endanger
4. Give the opposite of:
Dangerous, to divide, to like, legal, limited, healthy, work, various, governmental, natural, carnivore, important, to include, large, to assist, progressive.
Prepositions
5. Put the preposition or no preposition (-) that best completes the phrase.
According _____sth;
to be made up___ sth;
to be composed_____ sb or_____ sth;
representatives______ different countries;
to throw sth. _______;
to turn the light _____;
to participate_______ sth;
to divide ______ several divisions;
to be assisted____ smb.
to look _____ a new job;
to be fed up _____ sth
VERB FORMS
6. Write the verbs out of the text and define the tense. Write the infinitive of the verb.
Example:
is — Present Simple Active Voice, third person singular, to be;
7. Fill in the chart. Write the Past Simple and the Past Participle forms of the irregular verbs next to the infinitive.
-
Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
Interfere
become – became – become
B-GROUP EXERCISES
1. Match the words in A (all of them are from the text) with their definitions.
A |
B |
Surroundings
Compound
Chain
Environment Health
Pollution Level Concentration
|
the series of things that happen one after the other large number or amount of sth in the same place the condition of your body the place where someone or sth is a substance that is a combination of two or more elements the height of sth the air, land, and water where people, animals, and plants live damage caused to water, air, etc by harmful substances or waste
|
WORDS THAT GO TOGETHER
2. Match a line in A with a line in B.
-
A
В
Volcanic
toxic
radioactive
quality
polluting
physical
natural
living
human
high
food
environmental
earth’s
dangerous
aquatic
chain
compounds
concentration
environment
eruptions
health
level
materials
materials
of life
organisms
plants
pollution
processes
surroundings
3. Put make or do before the following nouns:
____a phone call
____a mess
____the washing-up
____the ironing
____a cup of tea
____your best
____my homework
____my bed (in the morning)
____someone a favour
____the shopping
____a mistake
____a noise
4. Give six nouns, adjectives, verbs, word combinations regarding environmental pollution.
5. Pick out all possible objects to the given infinitive forms.
Interfere, cause, contaminate, pollute, become, decompose, compound, accumulate, reach, pass, collect, graze, concentrate, eat, know.
Example:
to collect: a good deal of information, statistical data, dolls, Anna from school, yourself/your thoughts, etc
C-GROUP EXERCISES
1. Give definitions to the terms below:
Air, river and sea pollution, over fishing, the greenhouse effect, the destruction of the ozone layer, destruction of the rainforests, battery farming, waste disposal, overpopulation.
2. Put as many questions to the sentences as you can.
1. Exhaust fumes are the main cause of bad air quality.
2. A brown layer of smoke hangs in the air.
3. The number of cars is increasing every year.
4. The greenhouse effect is caused by harmful gases.
5. Global warming may cause the ice in the North Pole and South Pole to melt.
3. Match a line in A with a line in B to make a sentence.
-
A
B
Acid rains
try to persuade governments to take more care of the environment.
Acid rain
so that people can use the land to grow crops.
Many people
cause damage to trees, rivers, and buildings.
Environmental groups
can all be recycled.
Wildlife is being threatened
do not pollute the environment.
Rainforests are being cut down
have become extinct
Many species of animal
join environmental groups.
Glass, cans, paper, and plastic
because habitats and woodlands are being destroyed.
Renewable energy sources
contains acid from factory smoke.
4. Change the following sentences, active to passive, passive to active.
1. The ozone layer is being damaged by chemicals.
2. Environmentalists say we should avoid spray cans.
3. People cut down trees.
4. This is known as global warming.
5. We cannot escape the Earth’s heat.
D-GROUP EXERCISES
1. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form (active or passive).