Exercises

• Review the terms from the text.

A general purpose machine, to process information, hardware. software, to manufacture computers, the sequence of instructions, to use flowcharts, symbolic coding aids, computer application, to perform programming function, output/input operation, a special processor program, programming languages, to input the program into the memory, to correct errors, to tabulate the result.

• Read the text. Find in the text sentences with the following words and phrases:

• обрабатывать информацию;

• основные принципы программирования;

• основные ступени в подготовке программы;

• программа должна быть четко определена;

• использовать набор символов;

• детальная блок-схема;

• посредством языка программирования;

• технический термин в программировании;

• характеризовать языки программирования;

• ввести программу в память компьютера.

• Match the following words and their definitions. Use the text if necessary.

Words: a) a program,

b) a code,

c) a software,

d) a hardware.

Definitions:

• programs or list of instructions which are written in the code that computer can understand;

• the machine which represents and processes information;

• a short list of instructions that direct the computer to perform only a part of the entire calculations;

• а complete list of instructions used for the problem.

• Determine the meaning of the underlined words with the help of the context.

Исходная программа, универсальный, общая блок-схема, стадия кодирования, язык программирования.

• A computer is a general purpose machine which represents and processes information.

• The detailed flowchart is developed from the outline flowchart.

• At the coding stage the program may be coded in a machine code or by means of programming languages.

• The initial program written by a programmer is called the source program.

• Say if the following statements are true or false.

• To debug a program means to detect and correct its errors.

• A single error in one instruction doesn’t invalidate the entire code.

• A translator is a special program that translates the initial program into the machine code program.

• “Connector” symbols are used to show the exit to or the entry from another point in the same flowchart.

• Several branches of a program is selected on each occasion.

• Add some more sentences confirming the following sentences.

• A computer is a general purpose machine.

• The term “coding” and “programming” are often used as synonyms.

• The detailed flowchart is developed from the outline flowchart.

• There are some important factors that characterize programming languages.

• Say:

• what the fundamental principles of programming are connected with;

• what the basic stages in program preparations are;

• what factors characterize programming languages;

• how the program is debugged.

• Answer the questions about the text.

• What machine is a computer?

• What is hardware? What is software?

• What are the fundamental principles of programming?

• Do the terms “coding” and “programming” mean the same?

• What are the basic stages in a program preparation?

• Can the programming function be performed if the problem is not clearly defined?

• What does the term “programming languages” mean?

• Read the text again and divide it into logical parts. Make a summary of the text in the Russian language.