38: Conclusion

The society existing in the Soviet Union since the "economic reforms"of 1965-66 has been analysed on the basis of Marxism-Leninism, to which the Soviet leaders continue to claim adherence, and relying, with few exceptions, on official Soviet data.

The conclusion is that this society is, in Marxist-Leninist terminology, a monopoly capitalist society, in which a new capitalist class exploits the working class. In this society the Communist Party functions asa a fascist-type party within a fascist-type state. The conclusion is that the trappings of "socialism" merely conceal the real character of Soviet society.

Carrying forward this analysis on the basis of Marxism-Leninism, the conclusion emerges that the overthrow of Soviet capitalism by the working class is inevitable:

"The overthrow of the yoke of capitalism.. will be achieved in all countries of the world".

(V.I. Lenin: "The Second Congress of the Communist International", in: "Selected Works", Volume 10; London; 1946; p. 161).

That this will require a new "October Revolution":

"The dictatorship of the proletariat cannot arise as the result of the peaceful development of bourgeois society...; it can arise only as the result of the smashing of the bourgeois state machine, the bourgeois army, the bourgeois bureaucratic apparatus, the bourgeois police..

In other words, the law of violent proletarian revolution, the law of the smashing of the bourgeois state machine as a preliminary condition for such a revolution, is an inevitable law of the revolutionary movement in the imperialist countries of the world".

(J.V. Stalin: "The Foundations of Leninism", in: "Works", Volume 6; Moscow; 1953; p. 119, 121).

which, in turn, is based on

"... the necessity for a new party, a militant party, a revolutionary party, one bold enough to lead the proletariat in the struggle for power...

Without such a party it is useless even to think of overthrowing imperialism, of achieving the dictatorship of the proletariat".(J.V. Stalin: ibid.; p. 177).

Appendix one

(SEE SECTION 26: National Discrimination).

Table 1: Persons Employed in Industry per 1,000 Inhabitants (1967)

Estonia 165

Latvia 161

Russia 147

USSR 122

Ukraine 118

Lithuania 117

Armenia 101

Byelorussia 99

Georgia 76

Kazakhstan 69

Moldavia 62

Azerbaijan 60

Kirghizia 60

Uzbekistan 46

Tajikistan 43

Turkmenia 42

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1967 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1967); Moscow; 1968; in: J.P. Cole: "A Geography of the USSR"; London; 1970; p. 163).

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Table 2: Indices of National Income Per Capita (1970)(USSR = 100)

Estonia 142

Latvia 141

Russia 115

Lithuania 111

Ukraine 98

Byelorussia 88

Moldavia 81

Kazakhstan 77

Armenia 74

Georgia 67

Kirghizia 59

Uzbekistan 53

Azerbaijan 51

Tajikistan 47

Turkmenia 46

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: V.N. Bandera & Z.L. Melnyk (Eds.): "The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective"; New York; 1073' p. 169).

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Table 3: Urban Living Space (1970) (square metres per capita)

Latvia 9.7

Estonia 9.6

Georgia 8.5

Ukraine 8.3

Lithuania 7.9

Russia 7.7

USSR (average) 7.7

Byelorussia 7.5

Moldavia 7.1

Turkmenia 6.9

Kazakhstan 6.8

Armenia 6.7

Azerbaijan 6.5

Tajikistan 6.2

Kirghizia 6.2

Uzbekistan 5.7

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: H.W. Morton: "What Have Soviet Leaders Done about the Housing Crisis?", in: H.W. Morton & R.L. Tokes: "Soviet Politics and Society in the 1970s"; New York; 1974; p. 171).

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Table 4: Average Monthly Wages (rubles)(1970)

Estonia 135.3

Turkmenia 128.0

Russia 126.1

Latvia 125.6

Armenia 122.0

USSR 122.0

Kazakhstan 121.0

Lithuania 119.0

Tajikistan 118.0

Ukraine 115.2

Uzbekistan 114.0

Azerbaijan 113.9

Kirghizia 110.4

Georgia 106.7

Byelorussia 102.4

Moldavia 102.0

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: V.N. Bandera & Z.L. Melnyk (Eds): "The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective"; New York; 1973; p. 174).

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Table 5 : Average Deposits in Savings Banks (1970) (in rubles per capita population)

Estonia 108.9

Russia 96.1

Latvia 85.5

USSR 80.8

Armenia 79.6

Georgia 78.1

Ukraine 76.2

Lithuania 58.9

Byelorussia 57.8

Kazakhstan 53.1

Kirghizia 45.0

Azerbaijan 40.7

Turkmenia 39.2

Tajikistan 34.6

Moldavia 33.2

Uzbekistan 31.3

(V. Borisov: "The Growth of Saving in the USSR", in: "Vestnik statistiki" (Journal of Stratistics), No. 1, 1967; in: "Problems of conomics", Volume 10, No. 5; September 1967; p. 43).

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Table 6: Housing Space in Capital Cities (1970) (square metres per capita)

Riga (Latvia) 9.5

Tallinn (Estonia) 9.4

Moscow (Russia) 9.1

Kiev (Ukraine) 8.8

Vilnius (Lithuania) 8.1

USSR (urban average) 7.7

Tbilisi (Georgia) 7.6

Minsk (Byelorussia) 7.4

Frunze (Kirghizia) 7.4

Alma Ata (Kazakhstan) 7.2

Kishinev (Moldavia) 7.1

Baku (Azerbaijan) 7.1

Ashkhabad (Turkmenia) 6.7

Erevan (Armenia) 6.5

Dushanbe (Tajikistan) 6.2

Tashkent (Uzbekistan) 5.6

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: V.N. Bandera & Z.L. Melnyk (Eds.): "The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective"; New York; 1973; p. 174).

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Table 7: Hospital Beds (per 10,000 inhabitants) (1970)

Kazakhstan 118.3

Latvia 117.9

Russia 112.4

Estonia 110.2

USSR (average) 109.2

Ukraine 107.6

Kirghizia 106.2

Byelorussia 103.8

Lithuania 102.2

Turkmenia 101.8

Uzbekistan 101.8

Moldavia 99.1

Tajikistan 97.8

Azerbaijan 93.5

Georgia 91.0

Armenia 85.9

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: .N. Bandera & Z.L. Melnyk (Eds.): "The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective"; New York; 1973; p. 185).

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Table 8: Doctors (1970)(per 10,000 inhabitants)

Georgia 36.2

Latvia 35.6

Estonia 33.1

Russia 29.0

Armenia 28.8

Ukraine 27.6

Lithuania 27.4

USSR (average) 27.5

Byelorussia 25.8

Azerbaijan 25.0

Kazakhstan 21.9

Turkmenia 21.4

Kirghizia 20.7

Moldavia 20.5

Uzbekistan 20.0

Tajikistan 15.9

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: V.N. Bandera & Z.L. Melnyk (Eds.): "The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective"; New York; 1973; p. 185).

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Table 9: Investment in Housing Construction (1970) (rubles per capita)

Estonia 76.4

Kazakhstan 68.9

Lithuania 65.7

Russia 62.3

Armenia 61.7

Moldavia 57.5

Latvia 57.0

USSR (average) 55.1

Turkmenia 54.0

Byelorussia 49.8

Uzbekistan 45.0

Kirghizia 44.6

Georgia 40.8

Ukraine 39.8

Tajikistan 39.5

Azerbaijan 31.0

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: H.W. Morton: "What Have Soviet Leaders Done about the Housing Crisis?", in: H.W. Morton and R.L. Tokes (Eds.): "Soviet Politics and Society in the 1970's"; New York; 1974; p. 194).

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Table 10: Housing Units Built (1970) (per 1,000 inhabitants)

Lithuania 12.0

Estonia 11.1

Armenia 10.6

Russia 10.1

Byelorussia 9.9

Kazakhstan 9.5

USSR (average) 9.4

Kirghizia 9.0

Latvia 8.9

Turkmenia 8.7

Ukraine 8.3

Moldavia 8.1

Uzbekistan 7.7

Tajikistan 7.6

Georgia 6.2

Azerbaijan 6.2

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970"); Moscow; 1971; in: H.W. Morton: op. cit.; p. 195).

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Table 11 Expenditure on General Education (1965) (in rubles per student)

Latvia 166.5

Estonia 165.9

Lithuania 157.3

Georgia 150.7

Byelorussia 147.9

Armenia 145.4

Tajikistan 139.6

Turkmenia 129.0

Ukraine 126.6

Azerbaijan 125.9

USSR (average) 125.4

Russia 122.8

Moldavia 120.1

Kirghizia 118.6

Uzbekistan 115.6

Kazakhstan 113.5

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: .N. Bandera & Z.L. Melnyk (Eds.): "The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective"; New York; 1973; p. 171).

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Table 12: Expenditure on Health Services (1965) (in rubles per capita)

Estonia 34.4

Latvia 30.7

Russia 28.7

USSR (average) 27.0

Kazakhstan 26.6

Lithuania 26.4

Georgia 25.9

Ukraine 25.3

Turkmenia 25.2

Byelorussia 24.7

Kirghjizia 24.2

Moldavia 23.6

Armenia 23.0

Azerbaijan 22.6

Tajikistan 22.0

Uzbekistan 1.9

("Narodnoe khoziaistvo SSSR v 1970 godu" (The National Economy of the USSR in the Year 1970); Moscow; 1971; in: V.N. Bandera & Z.L. Melnyk (Eds.): "The Soviet Economy in Regional Perspective"; New York; 1973; p. 171).