Лингвокультуроведение. Ирландия. 2015 год
Учебник для 10 класса учереждений, обеспечивающих получение общего среднего образования. Учебник включает теоретические вопросы, отражающие историю, географическое положение и природные условия,особенности общественно-политической жизни и государственного устройства, культуры, традиции и обычаи Республики Ирландии.
Предназначено для учебных заведений, где английский язык входит в число основных учебных дисциплин. Может быть использовано в системе дополнительного обучения, а так же самостоятельно.
Оглавление\ contents
Chapter 1 General Information about Ireland……………………………………3
Chapter 2 Geography, climate of Ireland………………………………………….6
Chapter 3 Traditions…………………………………………………………….10
Chapter 4 National cuisine……………………………………………………..14
Chapter 5 Places and views………………………………………………………17
Chapter 1
Ireland
(aɪələnd; Irish: Éire [ˈeː.ɾʲə]), also known as the Republic
of Ireland, is a sovereign state in western Europe occupying about
five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The other sixth is called
Northern Ireland, which is still part of the United Kingdom. The
capital and largest city is Dublin, located in the eastern part of
the island, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the
country's 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land
border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is
otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to
the south, Saint George's Channel to the south east, and the Irish
Sea to the east.Ireland is a European country on the island of
Ireland. It is a member of the European Union. Cork is the second
largest city in the country and the third largest on the island of
Ireland. The population of Ireland is 4.6 million.
Language
English is the
main language spoken. The Irish language is widely taught in all
schools, and it is still spoken as a first language in some areas of
the country, known as the Gaeltacht. Irish is the first official
language, followed by English. 
Irish is the "national language" according to the
Constitution, but English is the dominant language. In the 2006
census, 39% of the population regarded themselves as competent in
Irish. Irish is spoken as a community language only in a small number
of rural areas mostly in the west of the country, collectively known
as the Gaeltacht. Most public notices and print media are in English
only. Most Government publications are available in both languages,
and citizens have the right to deal with the state in Irish. Media in
Irish exist on TV (TG4), radio (e.g. RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta) and
print (e.g. Foinse). In the Irish Defence Forces, all foot and arms
drill commands are given in the Irish language.
The official symbols of the state
The national flag of Ireland
The
national flag of Ireland. Frequently referred to as the Irish
tricolour (trídhathach na hÉireann) – is a vertical tricolour of
green, white, and orange. The proportions of the flag are 1:2 (that
is to say that, as flown horizontally, the flag is half as high as it
is wide). The Irish government has described the symbolism behind
each colour as being that of green representing the Gaelic tradition
of Ireland, orange representing the followers of William of Orange in
Ireland, and white representing the aspiration for peace between
them. The flag was adopted in 1916 by the Easter Rising rebels and
subsequently by the Irish Republic during the Irish War of
Independence (1919–1921). Its use was continued by the Irish Free
State (1922–1937) and it was later given constitutional status
under the 1937 Constitution of Ireland. The tricolour is used by
nationalists on both sides of the border as the national flag of the
whole island of Ireland since 1916.
Coat of arms of Ireland
The
coat of arms of Ireland is blazoned as Azure a harp Or, stringed
Argent (a gold harp with silver strings on a blue background). These
arms have long been Ireland's heraldic emblem. References to them as
being the arms of the king of Ireland can be found as early as the
13th century. These arms were adopted by Henry VIII of England when
he ended the period of Lordship of Ireland and declared Ireland to be
a kingdom again in 1541. When the crowns of England, Scotland and
Ireland were united in 1603, they were integrated into the unified
royal coat of arms of kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland. The
harp was adopted as the emblem of the Irish Free State when it
separated from the United Kingdom in 1922. They were registered as
the arms of Ireland with the Chief Herald of Ireland on 9 November
1945.
The
depiction of the harp has changed over time. In the 17th century,
during the period of the Kingdom of Ireland, the pillar of the harp
began to be depicted as a bare-breasted woman. When the arms were
restored as the arms of the independent Irish state in 1922, a
late-medieval Gaelic harp (a cláirseach), the Trinity College Harp,
was used as a model.
Irish national anthem
"Amhrán na bhFiann" (Irish pronunciation: [ˈəuɾˠaːn̪ˠ n̪ˠə ˈvʲiːən̪ˠ];), originally composed in English as "The Soldiers' Song", is the Irish national anthem. The music was composed by Peadar Kearney and Patrick Heeney, the original English lyrics (as "A Soldiers' Song") by Kearney, and the Irish language translation by Liam Ó Rinn. The song has three verses, but only the choral refrain was officially designated the national anthem.
Chorus
Irish version Amhrán na bhFiann |
English version The Soldiers' Song |
Sinne Fianna Fáil, atá faoi gheall ag Éirinn, Buíon dár slua thar toinn do ráinig chughainn, Faoi mhóid bheith saor Seantír ár sinsear feasta, Ní fhágfar faoin tíorán ná faoin tráill. Anocht a théam sa bhearna baoil, Le gean ar Ghaeil, chun báis nó saoil, Le gunna scréach faoi lámhach na bpiléar, Seo libh canaídh amhrán na bhfiann |
Soldiers are we, whose lives are pledged to Ireland, Some have come from a land beyond the wave, Sworn to be free, no more our ancient sireland, Shall shelter the despot or the slave. Tonight we man the "bearna baoil",[fn In Erin's cause, come woe or weal, ’Mid cannon's roar and rifles' peal, We'll chant a soldier's song |
Tasks and questions
What is the capital of Ireland?
What languages are spoken by Irish people?
Name the the colors of the flag of Ireland. Described the symbolism behind each colour of the national flag of Ireland.
Describe the the coat of arms of the Republic of Ireland.
What language was written by national anthem of Ireland?
Chapter 2