Вакуумная электроника / Vakuumnaya_Elektronika_Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie_Osnovy
.pdf
|
|
|
|
|
|
! " # !$
# " # ! $
" %
" !$
"
$
# & !$
! " ' '
" # #
# $ " " "
"$
!
$"
& " ( "$
')*+
!
" # $% $% "
! $ $&$&$&$
% %
" '$#$"
# ( #$)* *+, *- & .$#
$ %# % ' %
& $ $& . "
$# "$ " "
# ( "
"#$ $%&$'$& ( & ) #* !&
" ( & " * *$%
%$ % "$#$"
& " "$
# )* *+, $)* *+, *- '
% / $ & & $&
& 0 # &
1 2 " # * * *$
+ ,($ #*/ " ! # &
*3 &$ &$& %
*$ ( & %
" " # #
$( " ! % % % '
$#$# "$
. # " & .$
# ( ! 4 % (
( &$&$ & # ( -. #*/ ! & !
. & # &$%
# * *$& $(
! !! $ $" .
# " & $" ! " .
|
|
|
|
|
|
! " #
$%
&
# "
"
" ' "
( & "
" ) "
( )*
( &
" " " +
( ( &
)*$! )* ,%
- "
& )* , . (
" ,
! . . )* ,
)* , (
!
$%
! " # $%$% " # &
' ! " ! !
!
/ / # "
0$'%$1% ( $ %
/2 ) |
|
|
! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ % |
|
|
" |
|
|
& |
|
|
$) ( / / |
|
|
|
|
|
. |
|
|
( |
|
|
. |
||
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
!
" #$!
" %
& # # # " !
% " !
" " "
" # %
'$" ' %
&$' #
% ' " " !
"$( %
"
!
) % # !
% !
( % ) !
*+ + * ,-+. / " # %!
% % *0*. *
*1*. *2*.
% ) #
# 3 "
% / !
# % *0* *4 "))$% !
%
5 " ' !
*4 # +..* 5
6..* 7 %
% ' 8
$ $!
5 " !
' # #
% *+ 9 *
:*4
(
" / ' " !
"
")) %
" # /
% # !
$ $ % !
$ " %
% % !
; ' $ #
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! |
|
|
" |
|
|
" ! |
|
|
# " |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$" |
|
|
$" |
|
|
! % |
|
|
|
|
|
" ! |
|
|
|
|
! " & &' &
(
"
! "
"
"
"$
) &* + & "
&,& - . /0*' " $
" ! #
& &' " 1
-&* * & . "
&2 &34+ 5
1 &6&'
" $
1$" $ 1 7
" " &6&' "
1 " ! &6&'
&34+
8 ! 11
$
&,&*'' 9* 9' : -&
&,&' :. " *'& ; +:& ; & &,&*:& ; 0 11$
"$
$ ! & 11 ! &,& 4 &,&3'& ;4# % ! 11 $ !
" &,&9' : ( "
$ " & &,&*:& ;
! <' *'' & &,&+' 0
"
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! " |
|
|
# |
|
|
$% &' ( |
|
|
! # ) |
|
|
! ( ! ( ! |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* + ( ! & |
|
|
' ! ) " !" , |
|
! " |
" ! " ! , |
|
#$"$ |
||
&-! . / 0 ! |
||
|
||
|
"- .' , , |
! !" 1 # . ( . 2 3 4 *
,-" ( " &- "+ .
( &-1 ! &-2 , ! !! &.
&. . ( 3 1$ ! &
! " #1 ! &2 ,5 $! ! ! #5 % &! ' &
' !1 / ! + 32 6! . ) .-& " !" " ( (
" 1-"2 0 " 1 &-"2 0 ) # ) (
& " &( !" " / "
-& "-. # . ( . !-.
! & / 0 . " , ! !" !)( " ! )#
/ !- -&- "+ . !)( "
"+ ! 1 2
! 7-! . ")# ,
!" )# , ! ,
!" " . 0 ( / ! "+
& " " ( . ! , , ! !
( !-"#-0
+ " " 1 ! "2 / " ( ! ! &.
&. &. &.
"+ " ( " & !"& '
) * ' + " , 5 ! "+ "
8 ! ( & ! &-(-,
, &' "+ #+ -, , !
9 &' !" "! , )
* + + & ( !-
) ! ! & . ! , ! !"
:!" ! ,! , " & , ! " !
" & ' " + & " + " & 6-! ( & 3 %
8 ) ! )# 0 " ;
|
|
|
|
|
|
! ! " #$" % & '
! ( ! !
) *+ ( , ! ! *+-+ ! "
! * #$* '
# , ( ( . , ! % , ! * " / 0 ' ! ( , # '
! 1 ( ! (
! * ! '
" $ ( /
( ' *+ , *+ -" '
* *
( # !'
! / " (
% ! * 1 * !
" #$(
! (
! # !
2 1 1 ! ' *" ! " * ! '
* $#$
! / 1 ( # +
# ( " . " '
* *
% '
1 ! * * + " 1 (
( " . ! +
" 1 ( 3 (
$" 1 ( !
+ ´ - !
1 ! ! #$" '
4 / -+ '
" $ ( , ! 4 5 |
|
|
6 75$1 ( |
||
|
||
1 ! # |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! "
#
$%&$'(
)) *
+,-./ 0 1
#
2
- ))
1 # +
/ 1
1 *
# #
# 0 + 3% 43% !5*/ # *
# #
6 1
)) * 7
8
& "
+ #
/ + !3 9/
* )
# :
!;!3% !5* !;!'%! )
!;!< !;!< ! !3% ! !'%! !3% !;!9 3=! !3% !3>0-
3> !;!3% >9 3=! !9<%!0
+ /
* #
*
# *
1 #
)) * #-
# *
+
/ .
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! |
|
|
|
" |
|
|
|
#$ |
|
|
|
% |
|
|
|
" |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|||
& |
|||
|
|
" !
" "
" ! ' !
() * & +
+ (, "-
! "
|
. + |
|
"// " " ( |
!
" ! (
"
0
1
! " !
2
$3 )43 )*%
& " ! "
!
"
-
5
(6( $ %$() * ( % " (6( $ % ! (, " - () * (
7-839
2
(6():3(& +
!
$() :% / + 2 /
; <
! ; . < "
83( ( ( ():3(& + 2
" ! "//
|
|
|
|
|
|
!
" ! # $% &
& '
! ( " '
$! ))
* + , ! ! )) '
% $%
! !
" -!
)) . '
% & ))
/ !" & & ! !
% %" % + 0$
! ! ! %
& ! & + 1
" ! '
! ! * '
! %" ! %
& & ! +2 33
4 ' ! " '
5 6 7 5 8 + 8 9
: & & & ! ' & ! $ !
& '
!
'
!$
!
6 !
$ & ! %
! & & !
& & '
|
' |
|
& ' |
|
& & & ' |
|
" % |
|
& & & ' |
|
% )) |
|
; & |
|
& & ' |
|
& & ' |
|
& ' |
|
& & |
|
& |