4. Translate the sentences with Modal verbs with Perfect Infinitives:

1. They should have opposed that proposal. 2. You should have been more careful with the new equipment. 3. This ought not to have happened. 4. He ought not to have said this. 5. Originally the Earth’s temperature must have been extremely high. 6. They should have tested the new equipment.7. You could have done this work yourself. 8. He may have finished his experiment, but we don’t know about it yet.

5. Complete the following sentences:

1. He failed to answer this question. He should …2. Nothing serious happened. You ought not to …3. They only laughed at his plans. He should not …4. I have forgotten everything he said. I should …5. Now the truth has been found out. He ought not to …

6. State the functions of the Infinitives and translate the following sentences:

1. The goal of ecology is to learn how the ecosphere works. 2. There are several basic ways to get rid of trash. 3. People’s attitudes about trash began to change after World War II. 4. They had more garbage, fewer places to put it, and tougher laws telling them how to get rid of it. 5. To use valuable resources just once and try to dispose of them doesn’t make sense from an efficiency point of view. 6. Many paper companies were reluctant to invest millions in building new paper-recycling plants. 7. Different types of plastics cannot be mixed together. 8. The best way to cut down on garbage is for people to use less. 9. Another simple thing for people to do is to buy recycled product. 10. It is important to find creative ways to recycle.

11. Rubber and plastic are difficult to recycle because of their chemical properties.

12. Plastics must be sorted by recycling companies at great cost. 13. It was hardly possible to distinguish the properties of this substance at a glance, therefore a powerful microscope had to be used. 14. Water to be used for drinking should be thoroughly purified.

7. Find the Objective Infinitive Complex in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. I consider them to be good specialists. 2. His mother wants him to become an ecologist. 3. He heard them discuss their plan. 4. We expect writers to deal with the issues of the modern world. 5. They saw the plane take off. 6. I heard him mention my name. 7. We assume these facts to be self-evident. 8. They find the experience of this conference to have been a remarkable one. 9. We suppose him to have worked in the library. 10. They want the above properties to be discussed in detail. 11. I have never heard her sing. 12. He made me carry out this experiment again.

8. Transform the following complex sentences into simple ones using the Objective Infinitive Complex according to the model:

Model: She watched how he went away. - She watched him to go away.

1. He saw that the secretary came in. 2. We expect that a scientist or a scholar will keep an open mind. 3. I don’t think that these people were very intelligent. 4. The two sides expect that negotiations will be long and difficult. 5. The peoples of the world consider that their leaders are able to stop the spreading of nuclea weapons. 6. I’ve heard how he spoke about his life in India. 7. One can hardly expect that a true scientist will keep within the limits of one’s narrow field. 8. Scientists assume that the results are satisfactory. 9. Our scientists expect that their assistants will obtain some new data.