- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the text:
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- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the sentences from the text:
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- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the sentences from the text:
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- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the sentences from the text:
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- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the sentences from the text:
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- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the text:
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- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the text:
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- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the text:
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- •1. Study the text and say which statements below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the text:
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- •2. Review the text and answer the following questions:
- •1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the text:
- •2. Review the text to answer the following questions:
1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the text:
1) Smallpox has not been eradicated hitherto.
2) The three viral diseases described in the text occurred in Asia.
3) The three hemorrhagic fevers described in the text are person-to-person infections.
2. Review the text and answer the following questions:
1) What diseases do viruses cause? What diseases do bacteria cause? What is the difference between a virus and a bacterium?
TEST CAN PREDICT RARE EYE CANCER
Boston. Scientists at the University of Cincinnati say they have developed a genetic test that can predict in four out of five cases whether someone at high risk for a rare form of childhood eye cancer will develop the disease.
The test developed for retinoblastoma could also serve as a model for other types of cancer in which heredity plays a role, the researchers said. For instance, having a close relative with breast cancer increases a woman's risk of contracting the disease.
Dr. Webster Cavenee, who headed the study, said, "This is the first time that cancer could be predicted accurately before it happened". In the test, DNA is isolated in a blood sample and mixed with a radioactive substance that enables scientists to identify certain genes, which are compared to those of two relatives who have had the disease.
Cancer — a general term which covers many malignant growths in many parts of the body. The growth is parasitic and flourishes at the expense of the human host. Characteristics are the tendency to cause local destruction, to spread by metastasis, to recur after removal, and to cause toxaemia. Carcinoma refers to malignant tumours of skin or mucous membrane, sarcoma, to tumours of connective tissue.
1. Study the text and say which statements given below are true and which are false. Correct the false ones using the text:
1) A genetic test can predict in four out of five cases whether someone will develop the disease.
2) Having a close relative with breast cancer does not increase a woman's risk of contracting the disease.
2. Review the text and answer the following questions:
1) What is cancer (carcinoma, sarcoma)? What are characteristics
of cancer?
SMOKING AND DRINK CLUE TO CATARACT
Cataract is one of the most common causes of blindness and the commonest reason for ophthalmic surgery. Researchers at Edinburgh University have found that it appears to be linked with several preventable causes, such as smoking and heavy drinking.
A pilot study which began in 1978 set out to consider many possible risk factors. About 1,500 people, including cataract patients, were examined for evidence of factors and conditions apparently associated with increased risk.
About 177 items of information were recorded for each individual, including occupation, medical history, and use of medical drugs, alcohol and tobacco.
The study identified some medical and other conditions, various medical drugs and other factors that seem to increase the likelihood of developing cataract.
The "high risk" factors included excessive alcohol use and total abstinence from alcohol. Among the "moderate risk" factors were smoking, cardiac disease, certain eye medications, and some medications for non-ophthalmic conditions.
"Protective" associated factors included calcium and cholesterol, and occasional moderate alcohol intake. The study shows that cataract has multiple causes, takes tune to develop, and that the number of risk factors increases with age.
The researchers say that, once causes have been established, it will be possible to provide education on diet, alcohol and tobacco for the population.
For the medical profession, there will be information on treatment carrying a risk of effects on the eyesight, and on the relative hazards or safety of medications used in conditions unrelated to the eye.
Cataract — an opacity of the crystalline lens or its capsule. Il may be congenital, senile, traumatic or due to diabetes. Hard cataract contains a hard nucleus, tends to be dark in colour and occurs in older people; soft cataract is without a hard nucleus, occurs at any age, but particularly in the young. Cataract develops slowly and when mature is called a "ripe cataract".