- •Contents
- •Unit 1. Ecology & environment
- •1. Read the following quotes. What are they all about?
- •Environment
- •2. Find in the text and write down the words that you can understand without translation (I.E. International words; for example, biology …).
- •3. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •Ecology
- •8. What are the subjects of the following sciences mentioned in the text? Make up sentences by matching columns:
- •10. Answer the following questions:
- •Ecology
- •Unit 2. History of ecology
- •2. Look through the text and find the ecological and biological terms you are already familiar with from the previous unit. Give their definitions.
- •3. Find in the text international words, read and translate them.
- •4. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •5. Read the following English word combinations and supply the Russian equivalents:
- •6. Replace the following by one word. Use the text «History of ecology» if necessary.
- •7. Here are the names of several famous scientists mentioned in the text. They are:
- •8. Translate the verbs underlined in the text «History of ecology». Pay attention to the tenses they are used in.
- •9. Read the text, translate it (using a dictionary if necessary) and draw a table showing the main stages in the history of ecology. It can be done in this way:
- •History of ecology
- •Unit 3. Pollution
- •1. Read the sentences. What do they mean?
- •2. Find in the text international words, read and translate them
- •3. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •4. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations and write them down:
- •Pollution
- •10. Complete the sentences:
- •11. Look at the boxes and match the suggestions with the results. Then, link the sentences with so that or to and talk about how we can improve the living conditions in our cities:
- •12. Find the right title for each instruction: simple ways you can help save the earth
- •Quiz «How green are you?»
- •Unit 4. Global warming
- •1. Read and comment on the following quote. In your opinion, is global warming reality or is it just a myth?
- •2. Now take this quiz and find out who knows more about global warming!
- •3. Read the words, find the Russian equivalents and write them down:
- •4. Now complete the following sentences using the words from ex. 3 (not all the words are needed):
- •5. Find English equivalents in the text to the following word combinations, read and write them down:
- •6. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •Global Warming
- •Global Warming
- •13. Complete the sentences:
- •14. Answer the following questions:
- •Список используемой литературы
Unit 3. Pollution
1. Read the sentences. What do they mean?
– «In the eyes of nature we are just another species in trouble».
– «The world began without man, and it will complete itself without him».
Now read the poem. What is it about?
Only when all the rivers have run dry
and all the fish in the sea have died
only when all the rainforests have been burnt down
and there is no food for the animals
only when the blue skies have been filled with smoke
and the cities of the world have choked
will the white man understand
that it’s too late to save the Earth.
(Native American poem)
– Do you personally worry about the environment?
– What environmental problems are mentioned in this poem?
– What other serious problems connected with environment can you name?
– Do you think that Man is the Master of Nature? (венец природы).
2. Find in the text international words, read and translate them
3. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
unfit for intended or desired use; all around the world; health disorders; to deserve emphasis; throughout the history of the earth; in fact; local/ global pollution; health hazard; on a large scale; in recent decades; a broader interpretation of the word; due to urbanization; sewage; sludge; garbage; developing/undeveloped countries; heavy mental strain; fossil fuel-burning power plants; iron and steel mills; municipal incinerators; oil refineries; cement plants; in the nearby area; to disrupt the natural food chain; to play a part in; need to be curbed; in order to accomplish this; pollution control; input/ output control; it is high time.
4. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations and write them down:
Загрязнение; загрязнение воздуха/воды/почвы; шумовое загрязнение; являться причиной, вызывать; человеческая деятельность; токсические химикаты; промышленность; воздействовать, влиять; обезлесение; лесные пожары; извержения вулкана; рассеивание пыльцы; испарение органических соединений; сваливать, выбрасывать; разливы нефти; источник; разрушить экосистему; заболевания; уменьшить загрязнение; рост населения; отходы, отбросы; приводить к ч-л..
– Now use any of these words to make up three true sentences on the topic «Pollution». Write them down.
5. Match, write down and translate:
– the pairs of synonyms: pollution, result, health disorders, waste, serious, to kill, limit, to seek, adverse, reason, different, cause, to produce, contamination, health problems, diverse, to generate, effect, negative, garbage, to destroy, severe, to restrict, to search.
– the pairs of antonyms: local, present, to rise, output, to plant, past, to reduce, input, global, to cut.
6. Read the following words, define their parts of speech with the help of the suffixes they are formed by; translate the words and write down the translation.
Model: sufficiently (-ly- суффикс наречия).
Harmful- harm- to harm; adversely- adverse; pollution- pollutant- to pollute; contamination- to contaminate; natural- nature; interpretation- to interpret; establishment- to establish; urbanization- urban- to urbanize; eruption- to erupt; evaporation- to evaporate.
7. There are some verbs highlighted in the poem and in the text «Pollution». Translate them paying attention to the tense used.
Model: have died- умерли. Вспомогательный глагол указывает на настоящее совершенное время.
8. Read the text «Pollution»; translate it (using a dictionary if necessary).